飞行姿态显示对异常姿态恢复操作的影响研究

中华航空航天医学杂志 Pub Date : 2018-12-15 DOI:10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.03-04.005

Hongyu Chen, Yuntao Gao, H. Dai, Litong Zheng

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的通过比较三种姿态方向指示器(ADI)设计和两种参照系[移动地平线(MH)和移动飞机(MA)]对飞机异常姿态恢复操作的组合效果，减少飞行事故，保障航空安全。方法采用E-prime编程方法，对不同飞行高度下常规视角飞机符号(PAS)呈现的交互匹配图片与参考MH和MA两个参考框架进行模拟恢复实验。研究对象为全日制军校男大学生34名，平均年龄(22.43±1.32)岁。实验采用2×3×4内试设计。2个参考系和3个ADI样式的组合产生了6个显示，每个显示对应8个旋转高度。共展出48幅图片。在学习阶段，向被试展示正常或不正常的飞行高度图片，指示被试进行恢复操作，向左按“F”键恢复，向右按“J”键恢复。在训练阶段，向受试者展示4张不同寻常的飞行高度图片。当受试者能够正确判断这4张图片时，他们就被认为准备好进行正式实验了。在正式实验中，随机给受试者48张图片，记录受试者的反应时间和正确恢复次数。结果以反应时间为因变量的组内方差分析显示，ADI风格与参考框架交互作用对被试反应时间的影响有统计学意义，[F(2,66)=6.267, P=0.003， η2=0.160]。传统的ADI格式和PAS格式与MA参照系的组合具有更好的匹配效果。以正确率为因变量的组内方差分析显示，ADI风格与参考框架的交互作用对被试正确率的影响有统计学意义[F(2,66)=12.018, P<0.001， η2=0.267]。与3种ADI格式匹配的MH参考系显示效果优于CMD-MA显示和CON-MA显示。PAS-MA设计也表现出良好的性能。结论①两种新的ADI格式(CMD、PAS)显示出传统和常规ADI格式(CON)所不具备的优势。②MH参考系在整体正确回收率上具有优势。③本研究从理论上推荐了PAS-MA显示设计。关键词:知觉障碍;人体工程学;人机系统;飞机;数据显示;飞行的态度

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Research on the influence of flight attitude display on the operation of unusual attitude recovery

Objective To reduce flight accidents and ensure aviation safety by comparing the combination effects of three attitude directional indicator (ADI) designs and two reference frames [moving horizon (MH) and moving aircraft (MA)] on the operation of aircraft unusual attitude recovery. Methods The simulated recovery experiments were carried out by E-prime programming the interactively matched pictures that were presented by the regular perspective-view aircraft symbol (PAS) under unusual flight altitude and two reference frames that referenced MH and MA. The subjects were 34 male college students in the full-time military academy, with average age of (22.43±1.32) years old. The experiment was done based on 2×3×4 intra-test design. The combination of 2 reference frames and 3 ADI styles produced six displays and each of them corresponded to 8 rotation altitudes. Totally 48 pictures were displayed. During learning phase, the usual or unusual flight altitude pictures were presented to the subjects and the recovery operation was instructed to press the " F" key for the recovery to the left and the " J" key to the right. During training phase, 4 unusual flight altitude pictures were presented to the subjects. When the subjects were able to correctly judge these 4 pictures they were thought to be ready for the formal experiment. In formal experiment, 48 pictures were randomly presented to the subjects and the reaction time and the number of correct recovery were recorded. Results The intra-group variance analysis with reaction time as the dependent variable indicated that the effect of the interaction between ADI style and reference frame on subjects′ reaction time was statistically significant, [F(2, 66)=6.267, P=0.003, η2=0.160]. The combination of conventional ADI format and PAS format with MA reference frame showed better matched effect. The intra-group analysis of the variance with correct rate as the dependent variable indicated that the effect of interaction between the ADI style and the reference frame on subjects′ correct rate was statistically significant [F(2, 66)=12.018, P<0.001, η2=0.267]. The MH reference frame matched with 3 ADI formats showed better results than the CMD-MA display and the CON-MA display. PAS-MA design also showed good performance. Conclusions ①Two new ADI formats (CMD, PAS) show certain advantages that traditional and conventional ADI format (CON) does not have. ②The MH reference frame has the advantage on overall correct recovery rate. ③The study theoretically recommends the PAS-MA display design. Key words: Perceptual disorders; Human engineering; Man-machine systems; Aircraft; Data display; Flight attitudes

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中华航空航天医学杂志航空航天医学

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期刊介绍： The aim of Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine is to combine theory and practice, improve and popularize, actively advocate a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, advocate seeking truth from facts, promote the development of the related disciplines of aerospace medicine and human efficiency, and promote the exchange and penetration of aerospace medicine and human efficiency with other biomedical and engineering specialties. Topics of interest for Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine include: -The content of the journal belongs to the discipline of special medicine and military medicine, with the characteristics of multidisciplinary synthesis and cross-penetration, and mainly reflected in the aerospace industry, aerospace flight safety and efficiency, as well as the synthesis of special medicine, preventive medicine, environmental medicine, psychology, etc. -Military aeromedicine (Air Force, Navy and Army aeromedicine) and civil aeromedicine, with a balance of aerospace medicine are the strengths of the journal. -The change in aerospace medicine from a focus on promoting physiological compensatory adaptations to enhancing human performance under extreme environmental conditions is what the journal is helping to promote. -The expansion of manuscripts in high altitude medicine is also a special emphasis of the journal.