播前全矿肥对俄罗斯西北部冬麦作物植物卫生状况的影响

A. Shpanev, M. Fesenko
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引用次数: 1

摘要

这些研究表明,由于在俄罗斯联邦西北部使用矿物肥料,冬季黑麦作物的植物检疫条件发生了重大变化。其负面影响表现为:杂草的初始蔓延增加(数量增加2.3倍,投影盖度增加2.9 ~ 3.2倍),黑麦被李氏型病害(如烫伤病和茎锈病)破坏增加1.2 ~ 1.4倍,种子侵染(镰刀菌- 1.8 ~ 2.4倍,紫红色表皮菌和草本枝孢菌- 2.0 ~ 2.1倍)。施肥对冬麦作物植物卫生条件的积极影响与雪霉致死减少1.3 ~ 1.4倍、禾蚜种群减少1.5 ~ 1.8倍、普通勺害减少1.6 ~ 2.0倍相关。因此,矿物营养的增加使用主要导致冬季黑麦植物和种子的植物卫生条件恶化,强调了在俄罗斯联邦西北地区用除草剂和杀菌剂对这种栽培进行保护性处理的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLETE MINERAL FERTILIZER BEFORE SOWING ON PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF WINTER RYE CROPS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA
The studies revealed significant changes in the phytosanitary condition of winter rye crops due to the use of mineral fertilizers in the North-West of the Russian Federation. The negative effect appeared as increase of the initial spreading of weeds (2.3 times in number and 2.9–3.2 times in projective coverage), increased destruction of winter rye with the liststyletype diseases, such as scald and stem rust in 1.2–1.4 times, and seed infections ( Fusarium spp. – 1.8–2.4 times, Epicocum purpurascens and Cladosporium herbarum – 2.0–2.1 times). Positive changes in the phytosanitary conditions of winter rye crops affected by the fertilizers were associated with a decrease in plant death from snow mold in 1.3–1.4 times, a decrease of the cereal aphid population in 1.5–1.8 times and reduced grain damage with an ordinary grain scoop in 1.6–2.0 times. Therefore, the increased usage of the mineral nutrition leads mainly to the deterioration of the phytosanitary conditions of plants and seeds of winter rye, emphasizing the importance of protective treatments with herbicides and fungicides of this culture in the North-Western region of the Russian Federation.
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