氮肥对玉米根系肥效的影响

V. Moldovan, Z. Moldovan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

开展了玉米根系氮肥在植株发育关键期的施氮效率研究,并发表了研究结果,阐明了氮肥对单株生产力和籽粒产量指标的影响。结果表明,施氮肥可使早熟品种DN Meotyda的生长期延长4 ~ 8 d,中早熟品种DB Khotyn的生长期延长2 ~ 9 d。与此同时,玉米根系施氮肥使杂交单株的有效穗数增加:与对照相比,DN Meotyda增加了4.3-13.0%,DB Khotyn增加了2.1-5.3%。每穗粒重分别提高9.1 ~ 28.7%和11.6 ~ 36.6%,千粒重分别提高4.6 ~ 17.6%和7.3 ~ 21.4%。根施氮肥处理的杂交植株籽粒产量提高幅度最大:DN Meotyda提高1.24 ~ 2.47 t/ha,增幅17.1% ~ 34.0%;DB Khotyn提高1.41 ~ 2 t/ha,增幅65 t/ha,增幅18.8% ~ 35.3%。结果表明,在3 - 5叶期和7 - 9叶期施氮量为N45时,各玉米杂交种的单株生产力和籽粒产量指标最高。在7 ~ 9叶期一次性施用氮肥效果最差。早熟DN - Meotyda杂交种籽粒产量较对照增产1.24 t/ha,增产17.1%,中早熟DN - Khotyn增产1.41 t/ha,增产18.8%。在玉米植株发育的关键时期对根系施氮肥,既能优化玉米植株的营养,减少非生产性氮的损失,又能对玉米植株的生长发育、叶表面积、单株生产力产生积极影响,并能显著提高籽粒产量。关键词:玉米,杂交种,氮肥,施肥,单产,产量
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizers for maize root fertilizing
We carried out research on the efficiency of maize root fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers in the critical stage of plant development and presented its results, and clarified its influence on the indicators of individual plant productivity and grain yield. It was found that nitrogen fertilizers caused an extension of the growing season of the early-ripening DN Meotyda hybrid by 4–8 days, and the mid-early DB Khotyn hybrid – by 2–9 days depending on the rate and method of fertilizing. At the same time, maize root fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers provided an increase in the number of productive ears per hybrid plant: DN Meotyda - by 4.3–13.0%, DB Khotyn - by 2.1–5.3% compared to the control. The grain weight per 1 ear of these hybrids increased by 9.1–28.7 and 11.6–36.6%, and the 1000 grain weight - by 4.6–17.6 and 7.3–21.4%, respectively. The grain yield of hybrid plants in the studied variants on root fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers increased: DN Meotyda - by 1.24–2.47 t/ha, or 17.1–34.0%, DB Khotyn - by 1.41–2, 65 t/ha, or by 18.8–35.3%. It was observed that the indicators of individual productivity and grain yield in each of the studied maize hybrids were the highest when nitrogen application with a rate of N45 in 3–5th and 7–9th leaf stages. The one-time-application of nitrogen fertilizers of N90 in the 7–9th leaf stages was the least effective. The increase in grain yield of the early-ripening DN Meotyda hybrid compared to the control was 1.24 t/ha, or 17.1%, the mid-early – DB Khotyn –1.41 t/ha, or 18.8%. Root fertilizing maize plants with nitrogen fertilizers in the critical development stages both optimizes their nutrition and reduces unproductive nitrogen losses, but also has a positive effect on growth and development, leaf surface area, individual productivity, and provides a significant increase in grain yield. Key words: maize, hybrids, nitrogen fertilizers, fertilizing, individual productivity, yield.
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