Animal Waste Management: State-of-the-Art

A detailed review of animal waste management literature references and current practices is presented with special emphasis on waste production characteristics, feedlot runoff, regulatory considerations, odor control, treatment methods, engineered systems and controls, animal waste utilization and economic considerations. Special attention is directed to engineering techniques which can be employed for cost-effective waste management. Basic design principles and performance criteria required for routine design of runoff retention facilities and pretreatment unit processes for either waste conservation or degradation prior to terminal land application set the basis for this in-depth review.