诺夫哥罗德大主教法院的第一批世俗砖石建筑:书面资料和考古资料

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.3176/arch.2019.2.03
I. Antipov
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引用次数: 3

摘要

这篇论文致力于在诺夫哥罗德大主教住所的领土上建造砖石建筑的历史。几个世纪以来,大主教一直是诺夫哥罗德共和国的真正领袖。他的住所,大主教法院,位于诺夫哥罗德的城堡,Detinets,不仅是宗教中心,也是城市的社会活动中心。在这种情况下,大主教法院的世俗砖石建筑的信息特别有趣。本文的主要目的是重建1430年代早期诺夫哥罗德大主教法院建筑群的主要特征,在大主教Evfimij II发起大规模砖石建筑之前。调查是根据编年史的证据和作者在诺夫哥罗德大主教法院领土上进行的建筑考古调查的结果进行的。本文的一个重要目的是介绍挖掘所收集的数据。在1430 - 1450年代重建之前,大主教的庭院大部分是木制的;还有一些不同时期的小型砖石建筑。其中只有两座可以归类为世俗建筑——1350年建造的瓦西里大主教宫殿(住宅和国家结构)和1409年建造的石制面包店(服务结构)。
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FIRST SECULAR MASONRY BUILDINGS OF THE NOVGORODIAN ARCHBISHOP’S COURT: WRITTEN SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA
The paper is devoted to the history of the construction of masonry buildings on the territory of the residence of the Novgorodian archbishop. For centuries, the archbishop remained the real head of the Novgorod republic. His residence, the Archbishop’s Court, located inside Novgorod’s citadel, the Detinets, served as a center not only for religious, but also for social activities of the city. In this context, the information of secular masonry constructions at the Archbishop’s Court is of particular interest. The main purpose of the paper is to reconstruct the key features of the Novgorodian Archbishop’s Court complex by the early 1430s, before the large-scale masonry construction initiated by Archbishop Evfimij II. The survey is based on the chronicles’ evidences and the results of the architectural archaeological investigations held by the author on the territory of the Novgorodian Archbishop’s Court. An important aim of the paper is to introduce the data collected by the excavation. Before the reconstruction of the complex during the 1430–1450s, the Archbishop’s Court was, for the most part, wooden; also there were a few small masonry buildings from different time periods. Only two of them can be classified as secular – the palace of Archbishop Vasilij built in 1350 (residential and state structure) and the stone bakery built in 1409 (service structure).
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