A review of guidelines for sustainable municipal waste management: selected best practices on Brazilian cities

Current integrated management systems involve several dimensions since sustainability has amongst its fundamental principles the protection of the public health and the minimization of environmental, social, and economic impacts. This work aimed to present a review of guidelines for achieving integrated sustainable waste management presenting a selected best practice in Brazilian cities. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify the current systems and best practices in waste management. The results evidenced the significant role played by all the actors involved (population, private sector, authorities, non-governmental organizations). Political, legal, and institutional guidelines ensure adequate management planning through technical studies, drafting of legislation, and technical and operational structure for the provision of services. The economic aspects guarantee the financial sustainability of the system. The socio-environmental guidelines provide for the minimization of environmental impacts through the reduction of waste generation and social inclusion. The best practices in Brazil showed that municipalities that adopt sustainable integrated management have higher rates of recycling, social engagement, social inclusion, economic sustainability, and reduced impacts on the environment. These guidelines serve as a planning tool for any local government to structure an integrated sustainable waste management system.