发展战略和非石油部门在阿塞拜疆经济中的比重

IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS
I. Mahmudova, Vusal Mubariz Guliyev, Asli Kazimova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

苏联解体后,社会主义制度在阿塞拜疆以及其他盟国垮台。那次崩溃彻底摧毁了该国经济的几乎所有部门,尤其是非石油部门。这意味着该国石油和非石油部门的衰退期都达到了顶峰。许多地区都感到该国经济停滞不前。应该指出的是,农业,旅游业,制造业和工程达到了这样的下降,国家变得依赖进口在大多数领域。我国经济学家通过强调在恢复独立后时期阿塞拜疆经济发展的三个历史阶段,记住了在该国经济出现这种紧张局势之后向经济发展过渡的情况。以下阶段可以单独列出:1)经济衰退时期,1991-1994年。2) 1994-2003年开始的稳定持续增长期。3)动态发展期,2003年至今。1991年至1994年被认为是经济发展的第一阶段。在此期间,该国的政治和社会经济情况变得更加复杂。根据这一期间提供的统计数字,在1991-1994年期间,国内生产总值每年下降16.5%。大家还知道,在阿塞拜疆,特别是在非石油部门,1991年工业生产比1985年减少了10%,1992年减少了37%,1993年减少了50%。由于苏联的解体,生产领域几乎完全失去了秩序,因此,失业率上升到很高的水平。再参照这一时期的统计数据,我们可以说1991-1995年,人口的货币收入实际下降了3.3倍,人均货币收入平均下降了3.6倍。与此同时,人口的工资下降了5.7倍。自苏联时代以来,在农业方面,阿塞拜疆具有强大的生产和经济潜力,主要作物的种植面积和牲畜的数量急剧减少,生产水平几乎下降到衰退的状态。根据给定的统计数据,将1996年与1990年进行比较,可以得出结论,1996年共和国的农业生产减少了2-3倍以上。与此同时,农业的紧张局势也对加工部门产生了不利影响。根据计算,1995年与1993年相比,谷物和豆类产量下降19.7%,棉花产量下降3.7%,烟草产量下降74%,蔬菜产量下降13%,水果产量下降6.4%。与此同时,这一趋势也出现在肉类和蛋类生产中。在此期间,肉类产量减少了1万吨,鸡蛋产量减少了1.287亿只。人们发现,1991-1994年在阿塞拜疆发生的进程导致了该国经济,特别是非石油部门的大规模崩溃。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND WEIGHT OF THE NON-OIL SECTOR IN THE ECONOMY OF AZERBAIJAN
After the collapse of the USSR, the socialist system collapsed in Azerbaijan, as well as in other allied states. That collapse completely destroyed almost all sectors of the country’s economy, especially the non-oil sector. This means that the period of recession in both the oil and non-oil sectors in the country reached its peak. The stagnation of the country’s economy was felt in many areas. It should be noted that agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, and engineering reached such a decline that the country became dependent on imports in most areas. The transition to economic development after such a tense situation in the country’s economy was remembered by our economists by highlighting three historical stages of the development of Azerbaijani economy in the period after the restoration of independence. The following stages ca be singled out: 1) A period of economic recession, 1991-1994. 2) A period of stability and consistent growth beginning, 1994-2003. 3) A period of dynamic development, 2003- until now. The period from 1991 to 1994 is considered the first period for the economy development. During that period, the political and socio-economic situation in the country became more complicated. According to the statistics provided for this period, during 1991-1994, the gross domestic product (GDP) decreased by 16.5 per cent annually. It is also known that in Azerbaijan, especially in the non-oil sector, a decrease in industrial production by 10% in 1991, 37% in 1992 and 50% in 1993 compared to 1985 was recorded. As a result of the collapse of the USSR, the production areas were almost completely out of order, and as a result, the level of unemployment increased to a high level. Again, referring to the statistics of that period, we can say that in 1991-1995, the monetary income of the population in real terms decreased by 3.3 times, and monetary income per capita decreased on average by 3.6 times. In parallel with this, the wages of the population decreased by 5.7 times. Since the times of the USSR, in agriculture, which has strong production and economic potential for Azerbaijan, the cultivated area of the main crops, the number of livestock has decreased sharply, and the level of production has almost fallen to the state of recession. Comparing 1996 with 1990 on the basis of given statistical data, it can be concluded that in 1996 agricultural production in the Republic decreased by more than 2-3 times. In parallel with this, the tense situation in agriculture also had a negative impact on the processing sector. Based on the calculations, it was found that in 1995, compared with 1993, the production of cereals and legumes decreased by 19.7%, cotton production – by 3.7%, tobacco production – by 74%, vegetable production – by 13%, fruit production – by 6.4%. At the same time, that trend was observed in meat and eggs production. During that period, meat production decreased by 10 thousand tons, egg production – by 128.7 million units. It was found than the processes that took place in Azerbaijan in 1991-1994 led to the fact that the country’s economy, especially the non-oil sector, collapsed on a large scale.
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来源期刊
EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW
EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS-
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