中世纪贸易中的组织间关系:对汉萨同盟的分析

Eric G. Kirb
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引用次数: 0

摘要

汉萨同盟是一个由波罗的海地区的行会和城市组成的商业联盟,在中世纪后期主导着北欧的贸易。在其鼎盛时期,它连接了从英国到俄罗斯的商人和集镇,以及中间的大多数港口。它致力于消除贸易壁垒,为成员国提供安全保障。采用结构化的分析方法,本研究分析了二手资料,以调查汉萨同盟成员之间的关系以及推动汉萨同盟形成的主要动机。当将其作为一种联邦制的组织间关系进行分析时,五个决定性的偶然性就变得显而易见了:(1)中世纪盛期的权力不对称对商人来说是存在的,权力平衡有利于君主;(2)个别行会发现与其他行会建立持续的关系是有益的;(3)范围经济和规模经济允许产生导致贸易主导地位的效率;(4)商人寻求进入北欧市场的更稳定、可预测的开放通道;(5)随着封建制度的衰落,行会寻求增加其社区的接受度和特权。汉萨同盟的成立还基于第六个关键因素:其成员的安全。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Interorganizational Relationships in Medieval Trade: An Analysis of the Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League was a commercial federation of guilds and cities in the Baltic region that dominated trade in northern Europe during the later Middle Ages. At its peak, it linked traders and market towns from England to Russia and most ports in between.  It worked to remove trade barriers and provide security to its members. Employing an analytically structured approach, this study analyzes secondary sources to investigate the relationships between the members of the Hanse as well as the primary motivations driving the formation of the Hanseatic League. When this is analyzed as a federation style of interorganizational relationship, the five defining key contingencies become apparent: (1) power asymmetries in the High Middle Ages existed for the merchants with the balance of power in favor of monarchs; (2) individual guilds found it beneficial to establish ongoing relationships with other guilds; (3) economies of scope and scale allowed for efficiencies that would lead to trade dominance; (4) merchants sought more stable and predictable open access to markets across northern Europe; and (5) with the decline of feudalism, guilds sought to increase the acceptance and privilege of their community.  The Hanseatic League’s formation was also based on a sixth key factor: security for its members.
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