乌克兰与1917年革命:解放的承诺与独立的限制

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Thomas Chopard
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摘要

1917年的乌克兰革命是如何变成一场真正的乌克兰革命的?排除那些只强调地方民族主义的力量和革命节奏所赋予的动力的解释,本文将解释前俄罗斯帝国的边远地区是如何逐渐远离中心的。相反,我们将集中讨论临时政府一再拒绝接受乌克兰的文化和政治自治,从而迫使乌克兰革命者成为对手而不是伙伴。与此同时,这篇文章强调了这种分离的局限性:土地分配仍然不完整,国家仍然要承担军队的负担,少数民族的权利没有得到充分保障,布尔什维克的颠覆仍然是一个问题。法国:1917年乌克兰革命的评论?重要的一种解释是,民族主义的简单力量和革命的节奏,这篇文章明确了古俄罗斯帝国外围的分离,基本要素,拒绝重复,政府提供中央管理,文化自治,乌克兰政治,强迫,革命的乌克兰人,在另一种选择中,不加伙伴关系。他说:“我认为这是一种文化,我认为这是一种文化,我认为这是一种文化,我认为这是一种文化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
L’Ukraine et la révolution de 1917: promesse d’émancipations et limites de l’indépendance
EnglishHow did the 1917 Revolution in Ukraine turn into a properly Ukrainian revolution? Ruling out explanations that stress only the strength of local nationalism and the impetus granted by the period’s revolutionary rhythm, this article shall explain how the outlying territories of the former Russian Empire gradually distanced themselves from the centre. We shall instead focus on the Provisional Government’s repeated refusals to accommodate the cultural and political autonomy of Ukraine, which thus forced Ukrainian revolutionaries to become opponents rather than partners. At the same time, this article underscores the limits of this separation : land distribution remained incomplete, the country still had to shoulder the burden of the Army, the rights of minorities were not fully guaranteed, and Bolshevik subversion remained an issue. francaisComment la revolution de 1917 en Ukraine deboucha-t-elle sur une revolution proprement ukrainienne ? Ecartant une explication par la simple force du nationalisme et suivant le rythme de l’annee revolutionnaire, cet article explique le detachement des peripheries de l’ancien Empire russe essentiellement par les refus repetes du gouvernement provisoire central d’amenager l’autonomie culturelle et politique de l’Ukraine, forcant les revolutionnaires ukrainiens a se poser en alternative et non plus en partenaire. Dans le meme temps, l’article souligne les limites de cet arrachement : inachevement du partage des terres, poids de l’armee, droits inaboutis des minorites, subversion bolchevique.
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