外来和入侵树种的菌根共生

Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Robin Wilgan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要外来树种的引进在过去的几个世纪里已经成为一种世界性的现象,在许多国家,外来树种的种植是林业的一个重要的经济分支。然而,外来植物物种的种植带来了引入潜在入侵物种的威胁,包括树木和其共生的共生体,如菌根真菌。菌根真菌是必需的共生体,是树木正常发育和功能的关键因素。人们认为菌根真菌也可能深刻地影响世界范围内外来树种的入侵,适当的真菌种类是使这种入侵成为可能的驱动因素。在南半球的松树和共生菌根真菌共同入侵的情况下,外来树木及其共生共生体的共同入侵是众所周知的。入侵树种通过激烈的竞争和改变当地栖息地,导致生物多样性下降,并可能威胁到许多稀有、本地和濒危物种,包括真菌,构成了一个重大的生态和经济问题。尽管真菌在森林的功能中起着重要的作用,但外来树种对原生森林生态系统中菌根真菌的影响并没有受到太多的关注。了解菌根真菌与外来树种之间的关系,可以更好地预测和应对外来树种的入侵,这对维持生物多样性和保护本地生态系统是必要的。最重要的是,气候变化可能会威胁到一些欧洲树种,从而为其他物种释放生态位,比如外来的、入侵的或潜在入侵的树木。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Mycorrhizal symbiosis of alien and invasive tree species
Abstract The introduction of alien tree species has become a world wide phenomenon over the last centuries and the cultivation of these species is an economically important branch of forestry in many countries. However, the cultivation of alien plant species poses the threat of introducing potentially invasive species, both trees and its mutualistic symbionts, such as mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi are obligatory symbionts and a key element in the proper development and functioning of trees. It is thought that mycorrhizal fungi may also profoundly influence the invasiveness of alien tree species worldwide, with the proper fungal species acting as a driver to make this invasion possible. Co-invasion of alien trees and its mutualistic symbionts are well-known in the case of pines and co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungi in the southern hemisphere. Invasive tree species constitute a major ecological and economic problem through intense competition and modification of local habitats leading to a decline in biodiversity and potentially threatening many rare, native and endangered species, including fungi. Despite the fundamental role that fungi have in the functioning of forests, the impact alien tree species could have on mycorrhizal fungi in native forest ecosystems has not received much attention. Understanding the relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and alien tree species can allow us to better predict and counter- act alien species invasions, which is necessary in order to maintain biodiversity and preserve native ecosystems. On top of that, climate change could threaten some European tree species and thus free ecological niches for other species, like alien, invasive or potentially invasive trees.
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来源期刊
USDA Forest Service - Research Papers PNW-RP
USDA Forest Service - Research Papers PNW-RP Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Forestry
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