丹麦的法医人类学和考古学

IF 1 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL
C. Villa, N. Lynnerup, L. Boel, J. Boldsen, Svenja Weise, Camilla Bjarnø, Lars Krants Larsen, M. Jørkov
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引用次数: 3

摘要

本文简要介绍了丹麦法医人类学和法医考古学的现状,以及相关的教育、研究和骨骼收藏信息。法医人类学家主要研究身份不明的骨骼残骸。一些特殊的任务包括对最近死亡的人进行颅脑创伤分析,通过CT扫描对杀人案件进行高级3D可视化,以及利用监控视频对肇事者进行身高估计。法医人类学家受雇于丹麦三个法医学部门之一(哥本哈根、欧登塞和奥胡斯),可以使用先进的成像设备(例如,CT和MR扫描、表面扫描仪和3D打印机)用于他们的申请工作和研究。在不同的主题上进行了广泛的研究,例如过去人口的健康和疾病,年龄估计和人类形态。研究是基于哥本哈根和欧登塞考古收藏的骨骼材料或最近去世的CT数据。丹麦没有法医人类学的完整学位,但为不同层次的学生和来自不同专业背景的人提供选修课程和讲座。法医考古学在丹麦是一个相对较新的专业领域,有关的案件很少,每年只有一两个案件。任何法医学部门都没有正式雇用法医考古学家。直到最近,警方的特别犯罪组负责涉及挖掘的犯罪现场调查,但可以选择聘请考古学家、人类学家和病理学家等外部专家的帮助。2015年,在警方特别犯罪组的领导下,成立了一个官方挖掘工作组,旨在完善相关刑事调查中使用的方法和程序。该小组由来自特别犯罪现场组的五名警察、国家警犬训练中心的一名警官、Moesgaard博物馆的两名考古学家、哥本哈根大学法医学系的一名法医人类学家和奥胡斯大学法医学系的一名法医病理学家代表。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology in Denmark
Abstract In this paper, we provide a brief overview of the status of forensic anthropology and forensic archeology in Denmark, as well as related information about education, research, and skeletal collections. Forensic anthropologists mainly deal with the examination of unidentified skeletal remains. Some special tasks include cranial trauma analysis of the recently deceased, advanced 3D visualization from CT scanning of homicide cases, and stature estimation of perpetrators using surveillance videos. Forensic anthropologists are employed at one of Denmark’s three departments of forensic medicine (in Copenhagen, Odense, and Aarhus) and have access to advanced imaging equipment (e.g., CT and MR scanning, surface scanners, and 3D printers) for use in both their requisitioned work and their research. Extensive research is conducted on different topics, such as the health and diseases of past populations, age estimation, and human morphology. Research is based on skeletal material from the archeological collections housed in Copenhagen and Odense or on CT data from the recently deceased. There is no full degree in forensic anthropology in Denmark, but elective courses and lectures are offered to students at different levels and to people from different professional backgrounds. Forensic archaeology is a relatively new field of expertise in Denmark, and relevant cases are rare, with only one or two cases per year. No forensic archeologists are officially employed in any of the departments of forensic medicine. Until recently, the Special Crime Unit of the police handled crime scene investigations involving excavations, but with the option of enlisting the help of outside specialists, such as archaeologists, anthropologists, and pathologists. An official excavation work group was established in 2015 under the lead of the Special Crime Unit of the police with the aim of refining the methods and procedures used in relevant criminal investigations. The group is represented by five police officers from the Special Crime Scene Unit, a police officer from the National Police Dog Training center, the two archaeologists from Moesgaard Museum, a forensic anthropologist from the Department of Forensic Medicine (University of Copenhagen), and a forensic pathologist from the Department of Forensic Medicine (University of Aarhus).
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