Intramyocardial LAD; Relevant Morphological/Anatomical Features and Stepwise Technique for Optimal Surgical Exposure

Exposure of the embedded intra mural left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery remains quite challenging especially for inexperienced surgeons. The main focus of this short review is thus to summarize both the relevant morphological characteristics and the already illustrated techniques for surgical exposure in English literature. We then propose a step by step rational and reproducible approach to successfully expose the intramural LAD artery for bypass and successfully tackle avoidable difficulties.