Las contradicciones de la compensación: apropiaciones del programa de educación compensatoria en ESO / The Contradictions of Compensation: Compensatory Education Enactments in Secondary Education

espanolEste articulo estudia el papel del programa de educacion compensatoria en la construccion y gestion del fracaso escolar en Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria. Basandose en un trabajo etnografico, revela las luchas alrededor de los alumnos considerados “dificiles”, condicionadas por ideologias pedagogicas, recursos, esquemas de percepcion docentes y logicas profesionales. El dispositivo, estigmatizado y asociado a alumnos “disruptivos” y a un trabajo pedagogico duro, incide negativamente en las expectativas y vivencias de docentes y estudiantes, y muestra una escasa capacidad para compensar las desventajas escolares. Mas que compensar desigualdades sociales, gestiona la heterogeneidad social por medio de la segregacion y la exclusion interior. EnglishThis study examines the role of the compensatory education program on the development and management of educational failure in compulsory lower secondary education. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, it reveals the everyday struggles regarding how to deal with “difficult” students, as determined by educational ideologies, resources, teachers’ schemes of perception and professional logics. The program is stigmatized and associated with “disruptive” students and hard pedagogic work, with negative effects on students’ and teachers’ experiences and expectations and reveals a limited capacity to compensate for pupils’ disadvantages. Rather than compensating social inequalities, it manages pupils’ social heterogeneity through segregation and exclusion form the inside.