被掩埋的巨人:建筑材料塑造了建筑的环境足迹

R. Frischknecht
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引用次数: 0

摘要

建筑的建造和拆除对环境的影响,包括温室气体的排放,越来越受到政府和专业建筑业主的关注。在新建工程中,这些所谓的具体影响往往比50年使用阶段的环境影响更重要。在过去的三十年里,建筑材料和建筑技术及其供应链对环境的影响发生了怎样的变化?未来会发生什么?LCA对过去的发展有何贡献?在这一时期,LCA的实践是如何演变的?最后,当前的LCA实践是否适合支持建筑存量向温室气体净零排放的转变?在第一部分中,将介绍由选定的关键建筑材料及其供应链的制造所造成的环境影响的过去以及潜在的未来发展。将列出过去减少影响的主要措施,以及未来进一步减少环境影响所需的主要措施。目前的趋势将根据其达到建筑物和建筑环境净零温室气体排放的有效性进行评估。第二部分将讨论LCI数据收集和数据管理的历史和发展。课程将涵盖多个方面,例如资讯来源、模型和方法、环境影响(污染物和资源)、资讯科技资源和解决方案,以及资讯政策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The buried giant: Construction materials shape the environmental footprint of buildings
The environmental impacts, including those related to greenhouse gas emissions, of the construction and deconstruction of buildings come more and more into focus of governments and professional building owners. In new constructions these so-called embodied impacts are often more important than the environmental impacts during 50 years use phase. How did the environmental impacts caused by construction materials and building technologies and their supply chains change during the past three decades? What might be expected in the future? How did LCA contribute to the past development and how did LCA practice evolve during this period? Finally, are current LCA practices suited to support the transformation of the building stock towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions?In a first part, the past as well as the potential future development of the environmental impacts caused by the manufacture of selected key construction materials and their supply chains will be presented. The main measures which lead to lower impacts in the past and which will be needed to further reduce environmental impacts in the future will be named. Current trends will be assessed against their effectiveness to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions of buildings and the built environment.In a second part the history and evolution of LCI data collection and data management will be discussed. Several aspects will be covered such as information sources, modelling and methodology, environmental impacts (pollutants and resources) covered in the LCIs, IT resources and solutions, and information policies.
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