罗马尼亚与欧盟农业的农业结构与土地集中度

Agatha Popescu, Ioan Nicolae Alecu, Toma Adrian Dinu, Elena Stoian, Reta Condei, Horia Ciocan
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引用次数: 35

摘要

本文旨在对2003-2013年罗马尼亚和欧盟28国的农业结构和土地集中度进行实证分析。采用指数法、比较法、基尼系数和指数、集中度指数等方法,对前10%大农场的持有量、利用农业面积、标准产量、平均农场面积和标准产量、土地集中度的动态和结构进行了表征。虽然农场数量在减少,但罗马尼亚的平均农场面积增加到3.66公顷,欧盟28国的平均农场面积增加到16.1公顷。约0.57%的50公顷以上的农场耕种着52.43%的已利用土地。罗马尼亚农业的经济效率是欧盟最低的,每农场330万欧元,比欧盟平均水平低10.7倍。大约83%的农场的产量低于4000欧元。罗马尼亚农场集中度不平等的基尼系数为0.582,集中度指数为73%,这意味着与其他规模类别的农场相比,排名前10%的农场拥有巨大的农业用地。罗马尼亚在欧盟28国中排名如下:持有量排名第1位(33.6%),利用面积排名第6位(7.47%),平均农场规模排名第26位(3.6公顷),超过50公顷的农场数量排名第27位(0.57%),超过50公顷的农场面积排名第20位(52.13%),标准农场产量排名第28位(3.3万欧元),对欧盟标准产出的贡献排名第6位。基尼系数值和集中指数排名第六,其中包括该国尖锐的双重类别。因此,罗马尼亚的农场结构和土地集中度正朝着正确的方向发展,但达到最佳农场规模仍是一个长期的过程,这可以确保更高的经济效益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Farm Structure and Land Concentration in Romania and the European Union's Agriculture

The present paper aimed to make an empirical analysis of farm structure and land concentration in Romania and the EU-28 in the period 2003-2013. Index method, comparison method, Gini coefficient and index, and concentration index were used to characterize the dynamics and structure of the number of holdings, utilized agricultural area, standard output, average farm size in terms of land area and standard output, concentration degree of land in the top 10% largest farms. While the number of farms is going down, the average holding size increased to 3.66 ha/farm in Romania and 16.1 ha the EU-28. About 0.57% of farms with more than 50 ha are working 52.43% of the utilized land. Economic efficiency of the Romanian agriculture is the smallest in the EU, Euro 3.30 thousand/farm, 10.7 times less than the EU average. About 83% of the farms produced less than Euro 4,000/holding. The unequal concentration of farms in Romania is attested by Gini value 0.582, and Concentration index 73% meaning that the top 10% farms keep a huge agricultural land, compared to the farms belonging to other size classes. Romania comes on the following positions in the EU-28: 1st position for the number of holdings (33.6%), 6th position for the utilized area (7.47%), 26th position for average farm size (3.6 ha), 27th position for the number of farms with more than 50 ha (0.57%), 20th position for the land worked by the farms with over 50 ha (52.13%), 28th position for standard output/farm (Euro 3.3 thousand), 6th position for its contribution to the EU standard output, 6th position for Gini coefficient value and Concentration index which included the country in the sharp dual category. So, farm structure and land concentration in Romania is running on the right way, but it is still a long-term process to the optimal farm size which could assure a higher economic efficiency.

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