使用生物燃料时提高柴油效率的科学原理

Q4 Engineering
V.M. Bgantsev
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引用次数: 0

摘要

发达国家在柴油发动机中使用以植物油和其他类似原料为基础的生物燃料,可以降低矿物柴油的成本,改善环境。这个问题也与乌克兰有关,各理事机构在这方面非常注意这个问题。对柴油机工作循环流动特性、动力特性和毒性特性的深入研究有助于优化这类燃料的使用。在这项工作中,与植物油的使用有关的主要问题,如向日葵、菜籽油、玉米油及其乙酯,无论是纯形式还是与矿物柴油混合,都被认为是燃料的生物成分。理论问题和实验数据有关使用这些燃料的柴油发动机进行了考虑。实验研究是在柴油发动机D21A和斯柯达四缸发动机上进行的,斯柯达是一种1.9升大众涡轮增压发动机的模拟产品。通过负载和速度特性获得经济和毒性特性。与矿物燃料相比,混合燃料的消耗量有所增加,某些指标的毒性特性较好,在某些情况下,例如,当以增加的容量运行时,毒性特性比矿物燃料运行时更差。从能源和毒性指标以及混合生物燃料对燃料设备的腐蚀作用等方面,制定了生物燃料在运输柴油发动机中有效使用的基本原则。今天,乌克兰的加油站只出售汽油发动机的替代燃料。这些是不同比例的汽油和生物乙醇的混合物,后者的体积含量高达35-40%。这种燃料的价格比汽油的价格低。生物柴油还没有商业化,尽管它们的成本也比矿物柴油低。生物柴油燃料的使用很可能受到限制,因为需要使柴油发动机适应这些燃料,并监测燃料设备的状态。然而,这些成本很小,可以很容易地通过矿物燃料和生物柴油燃料的价格差异来补偿。可以设想,首先,生物柴油将被引入农业机械。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF DIESELS WHEN USING BIOFUELS
The use of biological fuels based on vegetable oils and other similar raw materials in diesel engines in developed countries can reduce the cost of mineral diesel fuel and improve the environment. This issue is relevant for Ukraine as well, in connection with which the governing bodies pay great attention to it. The deepening of knowledge in the study of the peculiarities of the flow of operating cycles of diesel engines, their power and toxic characteristics at the same time contributes to the optimization of the use of these types of fuel. In this work, the main issues related to the use of vegetable oils, such as sunflower, rapeseed, corn oils and their ethyl esters, both in pure form and in a mixture with mineral diesel fuel, are considered as a biological component of fuel. Theoretical issues and experimental data related to the use of these fuels in diesel engines are considered. Experimental studies were carried out on diesel engines D21A and four-cylinder - Skoda - an analogue of the 1.9-liter Volkswagen engine with turbocharging. Economic and toxic characteristics were obtained by load and speed characteristics. There is an increase in the consumption of mixed fuel in comparison with mineral fuel, the toxic characteristics were better in some indicators, in some cases, for example, when operating at increased capacities, they worsened relative to those when operating on mineral fuel. The basic principles of the effective use of biofuels in transport diesel engines are formulated in terms of energy and toxic indicators, as well as the corrosive effect of blended biofuels on fuel equipment. Today, gas stations in Ukraine only sell alternative fuels for gasoline engines. These are mixtures in various proportions of gasoline and bioethanol with a content of the latter up to 35–40% by volume. The price of such fuel is lower than the price of gasoline. Biodiesel fuels are not commercially available, although they would also cost less than mineral diesel fuel. It is likely that the use of biodiesel fuels is restrained due to the need to adapt the diesel engine to these fuels and to monitor the state of the fuel equipment. However, these costs are small and can be easily compensated for by the difference in the price of mineral and biodiesel fuels. It can be assumed that, first of all, biodiesel will be introduced into agricultural machinery.
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