Development of the platform economy in the global digital environment

The phenomenon of a platform economy formation is investigated in the paper, and a methodological format of identification of its key concepts is offered – platform product, platform project, platform investments, platform technologies, platform business, platform competition, platform thinking. The essential characteristics of platforms in technological and operational concepts have been given and the key trend of their transformation into an organizational base for formation of innovative microand macroecosystems has been confirmed. The platforms have been systematized by industry segmentation, nature of origin, user interaction, dominant technology, stage of the life cycle, owners, profitability and scale of operation. Particular emphasis is given to digital platforms, on the one hand, as to a product of the evolution of firms, and on the other hand, as to a product of global informatization and digitalization. The activity of platform development in terms of regions of the world and individual country-leaders has been analyzed. The concentration of platform business to the scale of individual cities or clusters has been determined. The conditions and factors of formation of platform business models and platform companies have been revealed. The gradual organization around the platform company of the innovation environment has been identified, which can be presented as a set of innovative “waves” of users with different degrees of modification and ways of using the basic technologies of the platform. The mechanism of interaction between users, developers and owners of platforms of different types has been revealed and sectoral features of their functioning have been shown. The growth of the global positive effect of platform innovations has been demonstrated as each subsequent “wave” of users being formed on the basis of aggregation of personal compliance of the platform product and multiplicative use of assets. Emphasis is given on the urgency of regulation of the interests of platform business participants in terms of their growing interdependence, in accordance with the policy of structured profit and the principle of protection of intellectual property rights. The fundamental architecture of platforms with emphasizing and analysis of its components and functional modules has been developed. The need to harmonize the “basic” functions and “peripheral” components of the platform, interacting on a systemic basis, with the parameters of demand in the markets of platform products to ensure the differentiation of relationships between participants, has been stated. Particular emphasis has been given to the assessment of non-financial effects in platform business models (including cumulative and compatibility or cross-platform), which arise in the process of role optimization and affect users' propensity to migrate between platforms, generation of competitive advantages of inter-platform competition. The prospects of the platform economy and relevant business ecosystems have * This article was translated from its original in Ukrainian. 1 Lukianenko Olha Dmytrivna – Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor at the Department of International Management of Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman. Sphere of scientific interest: creative management, innovation, intellectual capital, digital economy. E-mail: Lukolga555@gmail.com 2 Niameshchuk Anna Valeriivna — Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor, Doctoral Student at the Department of International Management of Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman. Sphere of scientific interest: intellectualization of global economy, management of global technological companies, digitalization of economy. E-mail: a.nyameshchuk@gmail.com IEP, No. 32-33 (2020), pp. 26–48 © Olha Lukianenko, Anna Niameshchuk, 2020 «All rights reserved» ISSN 1811-9832/2020/No. 1-2 (32-33) OLHA LUKIANENKO, ANNA NYAMESHCHUK 27 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLATFORM ECONOMY IN THE GLOBAL DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT been substantiated, considering technological trends and socio-economic criteria of global