Characterization of whispering gallery modes in dielectric resonators

Whispering gallery mode dielectric resonators (WGMDRs) have high quality factors, compatibility with microwave integrated circuits and reasonable mechanical dimensions even at millimeter wavelength frequencies. A simple theoretical model for predicting resonant frequencies of modes of the WGMDR for microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits is presented. The un-symmetric field distribution for WGE mode in the axial direction is taken into account. Highly useful modeled results such as the effect of DR, aspect ratio, substrate width, and their dielectric constants on each mode are discussed. The effect of the spacer on frequency of MIC WGMDR is also discussed.