乌克兰右岸河谷的城市景观和技术系统

О. D. Lavryk, R. Vlasenko, Т. V. Andriychuk, V. Kostyuk
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摘要

目的。完善现有的居住景观分类,为乌克兰右岸河谷现代城市景观结构和技术体系分析提供依据。这项研究是基于对人为景观、岩土系统概念的研究,以及他们自己在2008年至2021年期间在乌克兰右岸河谷进行的实地观测资料。采用的主要研究方法有:风景摄影、测绘、综合、比较和概括。根据以往的经验和自己的实地观察,对现有的住宅景观分类进行了改进。结果表明,集中在河谷-河流景观中的城市景观和技术系统具有以下几个特征:城市景观和技术系统的规模与其形成的河谷参数成正比;彻底重建所有地质成分和自然类型的地区;形成城市景观和技术体系后,在河谷底部形成游憩中心;覆盖面积占主导地位;在城市景观结构和技术体系中不断引入新的工程技术结构;城市景观与技术系统的垂直分异与地带性因素在城市景观与技术系统中的表现的“抑制”。已经确定了许多城市景观和技术系统的工程和技术超级类型(低层,多层,工业和住宅,花园和公园,水管理,娱乐)。他们选择的主要标准是“封闭”土壤的程度,人造覆盖物,投影植被(景观美化)和多层建筑。分析了城市景观技术系统各工程超类型的结构特点。乌克兰右岸河谷地区大规模城市景观和技术系统的形成阻碍了生物物种的自然迁移和分布,使生态网络无法充分发挥其功能。在进一步的城市规划和城市规划中,河谷中处于最低半对称水平的住宅区应该从冗余的工程结构中“卸载”。这尤其适用于河道、洪泛区、塘-洪泛区和洪泛区-水库类型的地区。增加恢复的山谷和河流景观的面积将有助于更快地实施翡翠网络项目,从而有助于欧洲层面的自然保护。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Urban landscape and technical systems in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine
Purpose. To improve the existing classification of residential landscapes and its basis for analyzing the structure of modern urban landscape and technical systems in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine. Methods. This study is based on the study of anthropogenic landscapes, concepts of geotechnical systems, as well as on the materials of their own field observations, which were carried out during 2008-2021 in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine. The main research methods used were: landscape photography, mapping, synthesis, comparison and generalization. Results. Based on previous experience and own field observations, the existing classification of residential landscapes has been improved. It is determined that urban landscape and technical systems, which are concentrated in valley-river landscapes, have a number of specific features: the size of urban landscape and technical systems is directly proportional to the parameters of the river valley within which they were formed; radical restructuring of all geocomponents and natural types of areas; formation of a recreational center in the bottom of the river valley after the formation of the city landscape and technical system; dominance of covered areas; constant introduction of new engineering and technical structures into the structure of the city landscape and technical system; vertical differentiation of the urban landscape and technical system and «suppression» of the manifestation of the zonal factor in the urban landscape and technical system. A number of engineering and technical supertypes of urban landscape and technical systems (low-rise, multi-storey, industrial and residential, garden and park, water management, recreational) have been identified. The main criteria for their selection were the degree of «closed» soils with man-made cover, projective vegetation (landscaping) and multi-storey buildings. The peculiarities of the structure of each engineering supertype of urban landscape technical systems are characterized. Conclusions. The formation of large-scale urban landscape and technical systems in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine hinders natural migration and distribution of biological species, which does not allow the ecological network to fully perform its functions. In further urban planning and urban planning, residential areas that are at the lowest hypsometric level in the river valley should be «unloaded» from redundant engineering structures. In particular, this applies to channel, floodplain, pond-floodplain and floodplain-reservoir types of areas. Increasing the area of restored valley and river landscapes will allow to implement the Emerald Network project faster and thus contribute to the protection of nature at European level.
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