Studies on Macroscopic, Microscopic, and TLC Based Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn

Euphorbia thymifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a small branched plant. The leaves, seeds and fresh juice of the whole plant are used in worm infections as a stimulant. Phenols are present in large amount in this plant which has played a major role in household’s products and as an intermediate for industrial synthesis. The study of macroscopic and microscopic examination of E. thymifolia has been proved that this plant has smooth and thin surface. In the TLC method, there were four and five spots were observed which indicated that flavonoid was present in good quality. This fact was also supported by quantitative analysis of flavonoid for E. thymifolia. So this study indicated that E. thymifolia plant having moderate amount of flavonoids, which can be good source of antioxidants and food supplements. Key-words: Euphorbia thymifolia, Laghududhika, Macroscopic, Microscopic, Phytochemical INTRODUCTION Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. usually referred to as laghududhika or choti-dudhi. E. thymifolia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, which has around 7500 species in about 300 genera. The plants under Euphorbia genus are used to treat cancer, migraine, warts, intestinal parasites, tumours, etc. The E. thymifolia is found in tropical regions [1] but in India, the plant is found in the hills and plains. The use of Euphorbia thymifolia is aromatic, sedative, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anti-fungal, anti bacterial, and diuretic properties . Properties and Uses of Euphorbia thymifolia Medicinal UsesIt is useful in vitiated condition of constipation, helminthiasis and ringworm, skin diseases and leprosy . How to cite this article Vaid PK, Kumar A, Singh M, Tyagi V, Kushwaha A. Studies on Macroscopic, Microscopic, and TLC Based Phytochemical Analysis of Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res., 2018; 4(3): 1744-1751 Access this article online www.ijlssr.com The leaves and seeds were given in worm cases and in certain bowel affections of children. They were considered stimulant and laxative. The 4,5 anti viral activity was proven in experiment and anti microbial activity reported by Gupta et al. . Antimicrobial ActivityE. thymifolia is considered to possess Antimicrobial activity due to the presence of alkaloids. The extracts of E. thymifolia were used in drugs like fluconazole and ciprofloxacin to control the microbes . Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral ActivityAntibacterial activity was demonstrated using an ethanolic extract of Euphorbia thymifolia against Bacillus pumilis, S. aureus, and B. Subtilis . E. thymifolia is found to have Antifungal activity. Ethanolic extract of Euphorbia thymifolia was used against fungal strain Candida albicans to study the Antifungal activity. The latex of Euphorbia thymifolia is also found to show Antifungal activity. The fungi namely Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium moniliform and Curvularia lunata were found to shown reduced activity when treated with the latex extract of E. thymifolia thus proving it to be an effective Antifungal agent. Virus infectivity was significantly reduced in a Research Article Copyright © 2015 2018| IJLSSR by Society for Scientific Research under a CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Volume 04 | Issue 03 | Page 1744 Int. J. Life Sci. Scienti. Res. eISSN: 2455-1716 Vaid et al., 2018 DOI:10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.3.2 concentration of 4.0 μ/ml of ethyl acetate extract, whereas, 3OG46HG diminished virus infectivity at a concentration of a 0.5 μ/ml . Anti-spasmodic ActivitySpasm occurs mainly due to overuse of the muscle so that the muscle loses all the energy. The extract of E. thymifolia, which was obtained using the ethanol was used to study anti-spasmodic activity and it was observed that the extract could inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum. Anti-hyperglycemic ActivityThe oral test method was used to determine the anti-hyperglycemic activity for glucose tolerance. Mice were taken as the study subjects and were injected with different doses of the extract followed by glucose . Anti-arthritic ActivityAlbino rats were used to screen the anti-arthritic activity of E. thymifolia, where the aqueous extracts were used. The white blood cells, haemoglobin content, red blood cells, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total protein, alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, lipid peroxidation were estimated. This result proved the anti-arthritic activity of E. thymifolia . Anti-inflammatory ActivityAnti-inflammatory activity was studied using ethanolic plant extract of carrageenaninduced rat paw edema method. The reduction in the edema was observed with the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, when compared to Indomethacin, which is a standard drug (10 mg/kg) and thus the extract produced sufficient anti-inflammatory response . Diuretic ActivityDiuretic activity of ethanolic extract and fractions of E. thymifolia was examined for its diuretic activity by its ethanolic extract and fractions. The dose dependent method was used to determine the diuretic activity . MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed from Jan to July 2017 at Faculty of Biosciences, Shri Ram College, Muzaffarnagar UP, India. ApparatusTest tube, Graduated cylinder, Funnel, Beaker, Pestle and Mortar, Water Bath, Methanol, Measuring cylinder, Soxhlet apparatus, Beaker, Whatman paper, Distilled water, funnel, eppendorf tube, Flask, Measuring cylinder, Rotary shaker apparatus, Crucible and Water bath. Plant MaterialsThe present study was carried out on E. thymifolia. This plant is present in the wastelands, along roadsides and wall sides in humid conditions. In India, the plant is found in the hilly and plain areas. E. thymifolia is a prostate annual plant producing stem up to 25 cm long. The stem usually produced numerous adventitious roots. Collection of PlantAfter selection of plant, it was must to collect the plant parts for the research purpose. Throughout India, the plant Euphorbia thymifolia is available. After the collection of sample, it needs to be dried to make the sample extract. In general, the plant material should be dried at temperature below 30C to avoid the decomposition of thermo-labile compounds. Shade dried the sample and powder was prepared with the help of the blender.