Evolution in Computing Paradigms for Internet of Things-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Their Contributions to Power Systems

The excessive number of connected devices and the unprecedented large volumes of data have triggered significant advancements in computing technologies to leverage the collected data for establishing novel services. Accordingly, cloud, edge, and fog notions have been developed to provide data processing, storage, and networking to fulfill the ever-changing application requirements. Recent efforts have attempted to push data processing closer to the edge of the network, where potential data producers and consumers reside. The evolving paradigm of computing methods has enabled innovative data-based solutions in health-care, industry, transportation, and energy domains for societal, economic, and productivity enhancements. Along with the computational shifts, power systems are undergoing transformative changes. Extensive penetration of nondispatchable generation resources, electric vehicles (EVs), and storage systems is occurring at various levels of power systems, particularly at the edge of the grid.