19世纪下半叶新词研究中的元语言宏观参数(基于俄国作家书信)

IF 0.2 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Y. G. Zakharova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

俄国作家(L.N.托尔斯泰、I.S.屠格涅夫、A.P.契诃夫、M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin、I.A. Goncharov、A.I. Herzen、N.S. Leskov、F.M.陀思妥耶夫斯基、V.M. Garshin、V.G. Korolenko)的书信体作品包含了丰富的语言材料。这些信件理解了19世纪下半叶在语言外因素的影响下出现的语言和语音的创新,以及语言系统发展的内在规律:某些构词类型的实现,语义衍生模型;构词法和词汇系统的填空倾向;类推法则,等等。由于这种理解,反身性元语言语境出现在信件中,母语使用者在其中评价特定的语言或言语事实。传统上,有这样的标准来确定一个单位的新地位和它的分析,如时间,地方,心理语言学,社会语言学,功能,统计,词典学。元语言反射的存在也是判断单词或意义新颖性的重要标准。19世纪的元语言语境作为一种新的语言来源,目前还没有得到足够的研究,在书信体话语中还没有专门的研究。同时,它们可以为俄罗斯科学院语言学研究所(圣彼得堡)编纂的《19世纪俄语词典》提供有价值的信息。这项研究的材料是101个“反身词”,通过从俄罗斯作家的信件中完整取样的方法提取出来。采用组件分析法、分层分析法和上下文分析法。元语言宏观参数是指根据19世纪下半叶反身词的元语言资料,用来确定语言/语音单位的新词地位及其性质的一套特定标准。时间标准使我们有可能评估反身词中包含的关于一个新词出现的时间的信息,以确定它在语言系统缺乏发展的情况下保持新颖性效果的时期。语用标准可以确定一个新词(意义)是如何被母语使用者评价的:从它是否符合俄语的规律、社会标签、风格内涵等方面。语义标准的先决条件是,在资料的反身性中,识别一个词的语义结构的变化(意义的隐喻化、术语化或决定论化),识别一个词在偶然意义上的使用,以及在讲话中形成一个意义的阴影。衍生标准的目的是获得在口语中使用或单独撰写的新单位的构词结构和意义的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Metalanguage macroparameter in the study of neology of the second half of the 19th century (based on letters of Russian writers)
The epistolary works of Russian writers (L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev, A.P. Chekhov, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, I.A. Goncharov, A.I. Herzen, N.S. Leskov, F.M. Dostoevsky, V.M. Garshin, V.G. Korolenko) contain rich linguistic material. The letters comprehended innovations in language and speech that appeared in the second half of the 19th century under the influence of extralinguistic factors, as well as internal laws of the development of the language system: actualization of certain word-formation types, semantic derivational models; tendencies to fill gaps in the word-formation and lexical system; the law of analogy, etc. As a result of this understanding, reflexive metalanguage contexts appeared in the letters, in which a native speaker evaluates a particular linguistic or speech fact. Traditionally, there are such criteria for determining the neological status of a unit and its analysis as chronological, local, psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, functional, statistical, lexicographic. The presence of metalanguage reflection is also an important criterion for judging the novelty of a word or a meaning. The metalanguage contexts of the 19th century as a neological source have not been studied enough, there are no special studies of them in epistolary discourse. At the same time, they can provide valuable information for the Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 19th century, which is compiled at the Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg). The material for the study was 101 “reflexives”, extracted by the method of a complete sample from the letters of Russian writers. The methods of component, layerbased and contextual analysis were used. The article develops the content of the term metalanguage macroparameter of the diachronic study of neology, which means a set of particular criteria used to establish the neological status of a language/speech unit and its properties on the basis of metalanguage data available in reflexives of the second half of the 19th century. The chronological criterion makes it possible to evaluate the information contained in the reflexive about the time of the appearance of a neological unit, to determine the period within which it retained the effect of novelty, lack of development by the language system. The pragmatic criterion makes it possible to determine how a new word (meaning) was evaluated by native speakers: in terms of its compliance with the laws of the Russian language, social labeling, stylistic connotation, etc. The semantic criterion presupposes the identification in reflexives of data on changes in the semantic structure of a word (metaphorization of meaning, its terminologization or determinologization), on the use of a word in an occasional meaning, on the formation of a shade of meaning in speech. The derivational criterion is aimed at obtaining data on the word-formation structure and meaning of new units that were used in colloquial speech or were individually authored.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
50.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Tomsk State University Journal of Philology was established with the aim of: - publishing the papers and reviews on the topical issues of modern philology: linguistics, literary studies, communication studies; - promoting the development of theoretical and practical research in the field of socio-humanitarian knowledge; - forging links among scholars from different regions of Russia and other countries. Tomsk State University Journal of Philology is an independent research journal that welcomes submissions from across the world.
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