林冠火灾的过渡和蔓延:来自实验室规模风洞实验的见解

IF 1.5 Q3 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
Jeanette Cobian-Iñiguez, Amirhessam Aminfar, Shusmita Saha, Kyle Awayan, D. Weise, M. Princevac
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引用次数: 0

摘要

发生在灌木丛中的火灾表现为树冠火灾,这是一种双层火灾,通常在死表面燃料层点燃,然后过渡到升高的活树冠层,并在那里继续蔓延。在包括chamise(南加州的优势物种)在内的灌木燃料中,火焰向活冠燃料的转变与更高的传播率和更大的火灾强度有关。尽管地表到树冠的过渡和树冠火势蔓延相对重要,但大多数火灾模型都将灌木林火灾表示为地表火灾,因此忽略了驱动该火灾系统的关键行为过程。本研究的目的是表征实验模拟的林冠火灾的过渡和蔓延行为。我们检查了在两个树冠底部高度风力驱动和非风力驱动的火灾中,表面和树冠燃料层的热量释放率、过渡时间、火焰高度和蔓延速度。我们的研究结果表明,风增加了热量释放率、蔓延率和火焰高度。在风力驱动的火灾中,热量释放率显著增加,当树冠基部高度为0.6 m时,风的增加使热量释放率从328千瓦增加到526千瓦,当树冠基部高度为0.7 m时,热量释放率从243千瓦增加到503千瓦。此外,树冠基部高度降低了风驱动和非风驱动火灾的放热速率和蔓延速率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Transition and Spread of a Chaparral Crown Fire: Insights from Laboratory Scale Wind Tunnel Experiments
Fire occurring in the chaparral behaves as a crown fire, a dual-layer fire that typically ignites in a dead surface fuel layer and transitions to an elevated live crown layer where it continues to spread. In chaparral fuels including chamise, a dominant species in southern California, flame transition to live crown fuels is associated with higher spread rates and greater fire intensity. Despite the relative importance of surface-to-crown transition and crown fire spread, most fire models represent chaparral fire as surface fire, therefore omitting key behavior processes driving this fire system. The purpose of this study was to characterize transition and spread behavior in chaparral fires modeled experimentally as crown fires. We examined heat release rate in the surface and crown fuel layers, time to transition, flame height, and rate of spread in wind-driven and nonwind-driven fires at two crown base heights. Our results showed that wind increased heat release rate, rate of spread, and flame height. A marked increase in heat release rate was observed in wind-driven fires, where adding wind produced an increase from 328 kW to 526 for a crown base height of 0.6 m and from 243 kW to 503 kW for a crown base height of 0.7 m. Further, crown base height served to decrease heat release rate and rate of spread for wind-driven and nonwind-driven fires.
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来源期刊
Journal of Combustion
Journal of Combustion ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL-
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
28.60%
发文量
8
审稿时长
20 weeks
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