Diabetes, the kidney and the heart-A tale of metabolic mayhem

specifically, cholesterol, cigarette smoking status, and systolic blood pressure. It is interesting to note that age adjusted cardiovascular death risk per 10,000 person years escalates at a near hyperbolic response in patients with multiple of these aforementioned risk factors after suffering with diabetes over 10years.6 Likewise, the converse may apply where intensive treatment with reduction of risk factors mentioned lit led to significant reduction in cumulative death and cardiovascular events as was demonstrated in the historic STENO 2 trial.7