伊拉克逊尼派觉醒运动的兴衰

IF 0.2 Q4 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文研究了逊尼派觉醒(或Sahwa)运动的兴起,作为不同群体如何被动员起来进行集体行动并因内部和外部因素而瓦解的一个例子。它还考察了逊尼派部落领袖反对伊拉克基地组织的动机,以及对觉醒运动解体产生决定性影响的因素。伊拉克逊尼派觉醒运动的出现与其说与意识形态、爱国主义或宗教义务有关,不如说是与决定动员起来反对伊拉克基地组织的部落领袖丧失经济实力有关。自2006年以来,“逊尼派觉醒”一直是美国打击圣战组织战略的关键组成部分。该运动活动的增长导致了伊拉克伊斯兰国(ISI)的削弱,并大大减少了该国宗教间冲突的强度。在觉醒运动的控制权正式移交给伊拉克政府后,逊尼派部落与巴格达官方的关系恶化,因为马利基总理推行了一项边缘化和消灭觉醒运动的系统政策。觉醒运动的瓦解受到美国两项对伊拉克具有战略重要性的决定的强烈影响:(a)马利基在2010年议会选举中失败后获得支持,后者由世俗的逊尼派-什叶派联盟赢得;(b)美军撤出伊拉克的时机不佳,因为到2011年底,伊拉克安全部队仍未做好确保国家安全的准备。因此,在2012年,许多Sahwa的支持者开始参与反政府叛乱,该运动的数千名战士加入了ISIL。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Rise and Fall of the Iraqi Sunni Awakening Movement
The article studies the rise of the Sunni Awakening (or Sahwa) movement as an example of how different groups can be mobilized for collective action and disintegrated by internal and external factors. It also examines the motives of the Sunni tribal leaders to oppose the AQI and the factors that had a decisive influence on the disintegration of the Awakening movement. The emergence of the Iraqi Sunni Awakening was associated not so much with a sense of ideological, patriotic, or religious obligation but with the loss of economic power of the tribal leaders who decided to mobilize against the AQI.Since 2006, the Sunni Awakening has been a key component of the US strategy to combat jihadi groups. The growth of the movement's activity led to a weakening of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and a significant decrease in the intensity of interfaith conflict in the country. After the official transfer of control of the Awakening to the Iraqi government, the relationship of the Sunni tribes with official Baghdad deteriorated, as Prime Minister Al-Maliki pursued a systematic policy of marginalizing and eliminating the Awakening. The disintegration of the Awakening was strongly influenced by two US decisions that were of strategic importance to Iraq: (a) support for al-Maliki following his defeat in the 2010 parliamentary elections, won by the secular Sunni-Shiite coalition; (b) poor timing of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq, as by the end of 2011, the Iraqi security forces were still not ready to ensure the country's security. As a result, in 2012, numerous supporters of the Sahwa began to participate in anti-government revolts, and thousands of fighters from the movement joined ISIL.
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来源期刊
MGIMO Review of International Relations
MGIMO Review of International Relations INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
12 weeks
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