The Role of Cytokines in the Development of Early Pregnancy Loss in Women with a History of Metabolic Disorders

Background. Spontaneous miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy. Obesity increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Aim of the study. To assess the cytokine profile as a marker of spontaneous miscarriage in women with metabolic disorders in the past medical history. Materials and methods. A prospective study of 170 adolescent girls with metabolic disorders was conducted between 2000 and 2013. Assessment of menstrual and reproductive function was carried out in 86, pregnancy outcomes – in 72 women. The average age of women in reproductive age was 21.95 ± 0.2 years, BMI – 24.7 ± 3.9 kg/m2. Results. In women with early pregnancy losses and metabolic disorders in past medical history, the predictor of an early pregnancy loss is an increase in the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a/IL-10 in serum at 7–8 weeks of gestation (OR = 2.29). It was determined a significant correlation between the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of the same name in serum and chorion (IL-10 (p = 0.000) and TNF-α/IL-10 (p = 0.001), which indicates similar changes in chorion. The activity of NF-kB in chorion was 5.75 ± 0.51 pg/ml. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the cytokine balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in women with metabolic disorders in past medical history is an important component in the development of early pregnancy losses.