战略远见和敏捷性:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间维护中小企业的可持续竞争力

International Journal of Economics and Management Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI:10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006

H. A. Halima, S. R. M. Zainala, N. H. Ahmada

{"title":"战略远见和敏捷性:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间维护中小企业的可持续竞争力","authors":"H. A. Halima, S. R. M. Zainala, N. H. Ahmada","doi":"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"1. Arokodare, M. A. and Asikhia, O. U., 2020. Strategic Agility: Achieving Superior Organizational Performance through Strategic Foresight. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(3), pp.7-16. https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol20is3pg7\n2. Auh, S. and Menguc, B., 2005. Balancing Exploration and Exploitation: The Moderating Role of Competitive Intensity. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), pp.1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.007\n3. Baskarada , S., Shrimpton, D., Ng, S., Cox, D. and Saritas, O., 2016. Learning through foresight. Foresight, 18(4), pp. 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/fs-09-2015-0045\n4. Bereznoy, A., 2017. Corporate foresight in multinational business strategies. Foresight-Russia, 11(1), pp. 9–22.https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.1.9.22.\n5. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G. and Hart, M. M., 2001. From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(1), pp.64-78. https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2002.1022409\n6. Chen, W. H. and Chiang, A. H., 2011. Network agility as a trigger for enhancing firm performance: A case study of a high-tech firm implementing the mixed channel strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(4), pp.643- 651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.01.001\n7. Chia, R., 2002. Essai: Time, duration and simultaneity: Rethinking process and change in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, 23(6), pp.863-868.\n8. Economics and Development Resource Center (Asian Development Bank), Project Economic Evaluation Division Staff, 2003. Asian Development Outlook 2003. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.\n9. Gerald, E., Obianuju, A. and Chukwunonso, N., 2020. Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), pp.41-50. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.163\n10. Hashim, H. and Jumabhoy, A., 2017. Industry 4.0: SMEs are the vanguards in catalysing change. Insight, pp.33-34.\n11. Kononiuk, A., 2017. Foresight in SME Companies. Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance, 104, pp.109-115.\n12. Kononiuk, Sacio-Szymanska and Gaspar, 2017. How do Companies Envisage the Future? Functional Foresight Approaches. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 9(4), pp.21-33.\n13. Li, X., Chung, C., Goldsby, T. J. and Holsapple, C. W., 2008. A unified model of supply chain agility: The work‐ design perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(3), pp. 408–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810919224\n14. Lim, E. S. and Shyamala, N., 2007. Obstacles to innovation: evidence from Malaysian manufacturing firms.\n15. Lin, J. (April 2020). Malaysia rolls out additional RM10 billion support for SMEs struggling due to Covid19 outbreak. Business Insiders. Retrieved 21 April 2020 from http://www.businessinsiders.my/malaysia\n16. Mavengere, N. B. (2013). Information technology role in supply chain’s strategic agility. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 6(1), p. 7. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2013.052209\n17. Mohtar, J. (April 2020). SMEs and Covid 19 – A ticking time bomb. The Malaysian Insight. Retrieved 20 April 2020 from https;//www.the malaysianinsight.com.\n18. Muhyiddin, M. Y., 2020. Muhyiddin Mohd Yassin: Additional PRIHATIN SME Economic Stimulus Package (PRIHATIN SME+). [Online]. [Accessed 14 July 2021]. Available from: https://www.pmo.gov.my/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/English-PM-Speech-PRIHATIN Plus-6-4-2020-905pm.pdf\n19. Oyedijo, A., 2012. Strategic agility and competitive performance in the Nigerian telecommunication industry: An empirical investigation. American, International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), pp.227-237.\n20. Peter, M. K., and Jarratt, D. G., 2015. The practice of foresight in long-term planning. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 101, pp.49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.12.004\n21. Roberts, N. and Grover, V., 2012. Leveraging information technology infrastructure to facilitate a firm's customer agility and competitive activity: An empirical investigation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(4), pp.231-270. https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222280409\n22. Rohrbeck, R., Battistella, C. and Huizingh, E., 2015. Corporate foresight: An emerging field with a rich tradition. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101, pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.002\n23. Sardar, Z., 2010. Welcome to post-normal times. Futures, 42(5), pp.435-444.\n24. Shin, H., Lee, J. N., Kim, D. and Rhim, H., 2015. Strategic agility of Korean small and medium enterprises and its influence on operational and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 168, pp.181- 196.\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.06.015\n25. SME Annual Report (2018/19), Entreprenuership Driving SMEs, National Entrepenuer and SME Development Council (NESDC), Kuala Lumpur.","PeriodicalId":40031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economics and Management","volume":"527 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Strategic Foresight and Agility: Upholding Sustainable Competitiveness Among SMEs During COVID-19 Pandemic\",\"authors\":\"H. A. Halima, S. R. M. Zainala, N. H. Ahmada\",\"doi\":\"10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"1. Arokodare, M. A. and Asikhia, O. U., 2020. Strategic Agility: Achieving Superior Organizational Performance through Strategic Foresight. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(3), pp.7-16. https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol20is3pg7\\n2. Auh, S. and Menguc, B., 2005. Balancing Exploration and Exploitation: The Moderating Role of Competitive Intensity. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), pp.1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.007\\n3. Baskarada , S., Shrimpton, D., Ng, S., Cox, D. and Saritas, O., 2016. Learning through foresight. Foresight, 18(4), pp. 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/fs-09-2015-0045\\n4. Bereznoy, A., 2017. Corporate foresight in multinational business strategies. Foresight-Russia, 11(1), pp. 9–22.https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.1.9.22.\\n5. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G. and Hart, M. M., 2001. From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(1), pp.64-78. https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2002.1022409\\n6. Chen, W. H. and Chiang, A. H., 2011. Network agility as a trigger for enhancing firm performance: A case study of a high-tech firm implementing the mixed channel strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(4), pp.643- 651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.01.001\\n7. Chia, R., 2002. Essai: Time, duration and simultaneity: Rethinking process and change in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, 23(6), pp.863-868.\\n8. Economics and Development Resource Center (Asian Development Bank), Project Economic Evaluation Division Staff, 2003. Asian Development Outlook 2003. Oxford University Press, Incorporated.\\n9. Gerald, E., Obianuju, A. and Chukwunonso, N., 2020. Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), pp.41-50. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.163\\n10. Hashim, H. and Jumabhoy, A., 2017. Industry 4.0: SMEs are the vanguards in catalysing change. Insight, pp.33-34.\\n11. Kononiuk, A., 2017. Foresight in SME Companies. Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance, 104, pp.109-115.\\n12. Kononiuk, Sacio-Szymanska and Gaspar, 2017. How do Companies Envisage the Future? Functional Foresight Approaches. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 9(4), pp.21-33.\\n13. Li, X., Chung, C., Goldsby, T. J. and Holsapple, C. W., 2008. A unified model of supply chain agility: The work‐ design perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(3), pp. 408–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810919224\\n14. Lim, E. S. and Shyamala, N., 2007. Obstacles to innovation: evidence from Malaysian manufacturing firms.\\n15. Lin, J. (April 2020). Malaysia rolls out additional RM10 billion support for SMEs struggling due to Covid19 outbreak. Business Insiders. Retrieved 21 April 2020 from http://www.businessinsiders.my/malaysia\\n16. Mavengere, N. B. (2013). Information technology role in supply chain’s strategic agility. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 6(1), p. 7. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2013.052209\\n17. Mohtar, J. (April 2020). SMEs and Covid 19 – A ticking time bomb. The Malaysian Insight. Retrieved 20 April 2020 from https;//www.the malaysianinsight.com.\\n18. Muhyiddin, M. Y., 2020. Muhyiddin Mohd Yassin: Additional PRIHATIN SME Economic Stimulus Package (PRIHATIN SME+). [Online]. [Accessed 14 July 2021]. Available from: https://www.pmo.gov.my/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/English-PM-Speech-PRIHATIN Plus-6-4-2020-905pm.pdf\\n19. Oyedijo, A., 2012. Strategic agility and competitive performance in the Nigerian telecommunication industry: An empirical investigation. American, International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), pp.227-237.\\n20. Peter, M. K., and Jarratt, D. G., 2015. The practice of foresight in long-term planning. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 101, pp.49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.12.004\\n21. Roberts, N. and Grover, V., 2012. Leveraging information technology infrastructure to facilitate a firm's customer agility and competitive activity: An empirical investigation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(4), pp.231-270. https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222280409\\n22. Rohrbeck, R., Battistella, C. and Huizingh, E., 2015. Corporate foresight: An emerging field with a rich tradition. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101, pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.002\\n23. Sardar, Z., 2010. Welcome to post-normal times. Futures, 42(5), pp.435-444.\\n24. Shin, H., Lee, J. N., Kim, D. and Rhim, H., 2015. Strategic agility of Korean small and medium enterprises and its influence on operational and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 168, pp.181- 196.\\nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.06.015\\n25. SME Annual Report (2018/19), Entreprenuership Driving SMEs, National Entrepenuer and SME Development Council (NESDC), Kuala Lumpur.\",\"PeriodicalId\":40031,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Economics and Management\",\"volume\":\"527 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-11-10\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Economics and Management\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Economics and Management","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.47836/ijeamsi.16.1.006","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

摘要

1. Arokodare, m.a.和Asikhia, O.美国，2020。战略敏捷性:通过战略远见实现卓越的组织绩效。管理科学与管理，2011 (3)，pp. 37 - 44。https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol20is3pg72。Auh, S.和Menguc, B.， 2005。平衡探索与开发:竞争强度的调节作用。商业研究，58(12)，pp.1652-1661。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.0073。Baskarada, S, Shrimpton, D. Ng, S.， Cox, D.和Saritas, O.， 2016。预见性学习。《预见》，18(4)，页414-433。https://doi.org/10.1108/fs - 09 - 2015 - 00454。A.别列兹诺伊，2017。跨国企业战略中的企业远见。前瞻-俄罗斯，11(1)，pp 9-22. https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.1.9.22.5。Brush, c.g.， Greene, p.g.和Hart, m.m.， 2001。从最初的想法到独特的优势:构建资源基础的创业挑战。管理学刊，15(1)，pp.64-78。https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2002.10224096。陈文辉，蒋爱华，2011。网络敏捷性作为提高企业绩效的触发因素:一家高科技企业实施混合渠道战略的案例研究。产业营销管理，40(4)，pp.643- 651。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.01.0017。Chia, R.， 2002。时间、持续时间和同时性:重新思考组织分析中的过程和变化。组织研究，23(6)，pp.863-868.8。经济与发展资源中心(亚洲开发银行)，项目经济评估处工作人员，2003年。2003年亚洲发展展望。牛津大学出版社，公司。Gerald, E.， Obianuju, A.和Chukwunonso, N.， 2020。中小企业在Covid-19大流行阶段的战略敏捷性和绩效。财务管理学报，2(1)，pp.41-50。https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.16310。哈希姆，H.和Jumabhoy, A.， 2017。工业4.0:中小企业是推动变革的先锋。洞察力,pp.33 - 34.11。科诺尼克，A.， 2017。中小企业的远见。机械制造与维修，104,pp.109-115.12。Kononiuk, Sacio-Szymanska和Gaspar, 2017。企业如何展望未来?功能预见方法。生产与服务工程管理，9(4)，pp.21-33。李晓明，钟志强，高德思比，陈志强，2008。供应链敏捷性的统一模型:工作设计视角。国际物流管理学报，19(3)，pp. 408-435。https://doi.org/10.1108/0957409081091922414。Lim, E. S.和Shyamala, N.， 2007。创新的障碍:来自马来西亚制造企业的证据。(2020年4月)。马来西亚为因covid - 19疫情而陷入困境的中小企业提供额外100亿令吉的支持。商业人士。2020年4月21日检索自http://www.businessinsiders.my/malaysia16。Mavengere, n.b.(2013)。信息技术在供应链战略敏捷性中的作用。国际敏捷系统与管理杂志，6(1)，p. 7。https://doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2013.05220917。(2020年4月)。中小企业和新冠肺炎——一颗定时炸弹。马来西亚洞察号。检索自2020年4月20日https;//www.the malaysianinsight.com.18。慕尤丁，m.y.， 2020。慕尤丁·莫哈末·亚辛:额外的中小企业经济刺激计划(PRIHATIN SME+)。(在线)。[2021年7月14日访问]。下载网址:https://www.pmo.gov.my/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/English-PM-Speech-PRIHATIN + 6-4-2020-905pm.pdf19。Oyedijo, A.， 2012。尼日利亚电信业的战略敏捷性与竞争绩效:一项实证调查。国际当代研究杂志，2(3)，pp.227-237.20。Peter, m.k.和Jarratt, d.g.， 2015。远见在长期计划中的远见实践技术预测与社会变革，2011，页49-61。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.12.00421。罗伯茨，N.和格罗弗，V.， 2012。利用信息技术基础设施促进公司的客户敏捷性和竞争活动:一项实证调查。管理信息系统，28(4)，pp.231-270。https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742 122228040922。Rohrbeck, R.， Battistella, C.和Huizingh, E.， 2015。企业远见:一个具有丰富传统的新兴领域。技术预测与社会变革，2011，页1-9。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.00223。萨达尔，Z.， 2010。欢迎来到后正常时代。期货，42(5)，pp.435- 44.24。李俊宁，申浩，李俊宁，金，D.和林，H.， 2015。韩国中小企业战略敏捷性及其对经营绩效和企业绩效的影响。《国际生产经济研究》，2008,pp.181- 196.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.06.01525。中小企业年度报告(2018/19)，创业驱动中小企业，国家企业家和中小企业发展局(NESDC)，吉隆坡。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

查看原文本刊更多论文

Strategic Foresight and Agility: Upholding Sustainable Competitiveness Among SMEs During COVID-19 Pandemic

1. Arokodare, M. A. and Asikhia, O. U., 2020. Strategic Agility: Achieving Superior Organizational Performance through Strategic Foresight. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 20(3), pp.7-16. https://doi.org/10.34257/gjmbravol20is3pg7 2. Auh, S. and Menguc, B., 2005. Balancing Exploration and Exploitation: The Moderating Role of Competitive Intensity. Journal of Business Research, 58(12), pp.1652-1661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.11.007 3. Baskarada , S., Shrimpton, D., Ng, S., Cox, D. and Saritas, O., 2016. Learning through foresight. Foresight, 18(4), pp. 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/fs-09-2015-0045 4. Bereznoy, A., 2017. Corporate foresight in multinational business strategies. Foresight-Russia, 11(1), pp. 9–22.https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2017.1.9.22. 5. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G. and Hart, M. M., 2001. From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(1), pp.64-78. https://doi.org/10.1109/emr.2002.1022409 6. Chen, W. H. and Chiang, A. H., 2011. Network agility as a trigger for enhancing firm performance: A case study of a high-tech firm implementing the mixed channel strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(4), pp.643- 651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.01.001 7. Chia, R., 2002. Essai: Time, duration and simultaneity: Rethinking process and change in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, 23(6), pp.863-868. 8. Economics and Development Resource Center (Asian Development Bank), Project Economic Evaluation Division Staff, 2003. Asian Development Outlook 2003. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. 9. Gerald, E., Obianuju, A. and Chukwunonso, N., 2020. Strategic agility and performance of small and medium enterprises in the phase of Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 2(1), pp.41-50. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i1.163 10. Hashim, H. and Jumabhoy, A., 2017. Industry 4.0: SMEs are the vanguards in catalysing change. Insight, pp.33-34. 11. Kononiuk, A., 2017. Foresight in SME Companies. Journal of Machine Construction and Maintenance, 104, pp.109-115. 12. Kononiuk, Sacio-Szymanska and Gaspar, 2017. How do Companies Envisage the Future? Functional Foresight Approaches. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 9(4), pp.21-33. 13. Li, X., Chung, C., Goldsby, T. J. and Holsapple, C. W., 2008. A unified model of supply chain agility: The work‐ design perspective. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 19(3), pp. 408–435. https://doi.org/10.1108/09574090810919224 14. Lim, E. S. and Shyamala, N., 2007. Obstacles to innovation: evidence from Malaysian manufacturing firms. 15. Lin, J. (April 2020). Malaysia rolls out additional RM10 billion support for SMEs struggling due to Covid19 outbreak. Business Insiders. Retrieved 21 April 2020 from http://www.businessinsiders.my/malaysia 16. Mavengere, N. B. (2013). Information technology role in supply chain’s strategic agility. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 6(1), p. 7. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijasm.2013.052209 17. Mohtar, J. (April 2020). SMEs and Covid 19 – A ticking time bomb. The Malaysian Insight. Retrieved 20 April 2020 from https;//www.the malaysianinsight.com. 18. Muhyiddin, M. Y., 2020. Muhyiddin Mohd Yassin: Additional PRIHATIN SME Economic Stimulus Package (PRIHATIN SME+). [Online]. [Accessed 14 July 2021]. Available from: https://www.pmo.gov.my/wpcontent/uploads/2020/04/English-PM-Speech-PRIHATIN Plus-6-4-2020-905pm.pdf 19. Oyedijo, A., 2012. Strategic agility and competitive performance in the Nigerian telecommunication industry: An empirical investigation. American, International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), pp.227-237. 20. Peter, M. K., and Jarratt, D. G., 2015. The practice of foresight in long-term planning. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 101, pp.49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.12.004 21. Roberts, N. and Grover, V., 2012. Leveraging information technology infrastructure to facilitate a firm's customer agility and competitive activity: An empirical investigation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(4), pp.231-270. https://doi.org/10.2753/mis0742-1222280409 22. Rohrbeck, R., Battistella, C. and Huizingh, E., 2015. Corporate foresight: An emerging field with a rich tradition. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,101, pp.1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2015.11.002 23. Sardar, Z., 2010. Welcome to post-normal times. Futures, 42(5), pp.435-444. 24. Shin, H., Lee, J. N., Kim, D. and Rhim, H., 2015. Strategic agility of Korean small and medium enterprises and its influence on operational and firm performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 168, pp.181- 196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.06.015 25. SME Annual Report (2018/19), Entreprenuership Driving SMEs, National Entrepenuer and SME Development Council (NESDC), Kuala Lumpur.

求助全文

通过发布文献求助，成功后即可免费获取论文全文。去求助

来源期刊

International Journal of Economics and Management Economics, Econometrics and Finance-Economics, Econometrics and Finance (all)

CiteScore

1.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The journal focuses on economics and management issues. The main subjects for economics cover national macroeconomic issues, international economic issues, interactions of national and regional economies, microeconomics and macroeconomics policies. The journal also considers thought-leading substantive research in the finance discipline. The main subjects for management include management decisions, Small Medium Enterprises (SME) practices, corporate social policies, digital marketing strategies and strategic management. The journal emphasises empirical studies with practical applications; examinations of theoretical and methodological developments. The journal is committed to publishing the high quality articles from economics and management perspectives. It is a triannual journal published in April, August and December and all articles submitted are in English. IJEM follows a double-blind peer-review process, whereby authors do not know reviewers and vice versa. Peer review is fundamental to the scientific publication process and the dissemination of sound science.