一种定制轮廓垫的快速成型方法

M. Parkinson, Jane Huggins
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引用次数: 2

摘要

褥疮(“压疮”)是使用轮椅的人非常关心的问题。事实上,堪萨斯大学(University of Kansas)发表的研究结果[1]表明,超过一半使用轮椅的人会在某个时候出现压疮。这种易感性是由于这些溃疡形成的条件:剪切应力和压力共同作用,切断了表面组织的血液供应,随后死亡。高温和潮湿会增加这种坏死的可能性和发生的速度。尽管溃疡发展迅速(15分钟内就会发作),但可能需要数月才能愈合。选择合适的坐垫有助于减轻致病因素[2]。特别地,定制形状的坐垫(CCC)可以提供显著的改善。研究表明,CCC提供了最佳的压力分布和剪切应力降低,将这些因素降低了80%[3]。然而,CCC并不常用,因为设计、制造和交付所涉及的成本和时间令人望而却步。成本,时间和不便的障碍,可以通过大规模定制和快速原型设计原则,用于创建CCC的过程中克服。这包括自动化加工过程的基本步骤:创建座位表面的电子表示,并使用计算机控制(CNC)铣床加工该表面。类似的系统已经到位,以实现各种流程的自动化,从鞋类定制矫形器的创建到叶轮轮的设计和创建[4]。这样的系统将能够在几分钟或几小时内而不是几周或几个月内生产出合适的定制形状的垫子。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Method for the Rapid Prototyping of Custom Contoured Cushions
Decubitous ulcers (“pressure sores”) are a significant concern for people using wheelchairs. In fact, results published by the University of Kansas [1] indicate that over half of those using wheelchairs will develop a pressure sore at some point. This susceptibility is due to the conditions under which these ulcers develop: shear stress and pressure work together to cut off the blood supply to the surface tissue, which subsequently dies. Heat and moisture can increase the likelihood of this necrosis and the rate at which it occurs. Although sores can develop quickly (onset can occur in as few as fifteen minutes), they may take months to heal. Appropriate seat cushion selection helps to mitigate the causative factors [2]. In particular, custom-contoured cushions (CCC) can offer dramatic improvements. Research has shown that CCC’s offer the best distribution of pressure and reduction of shear stress, reducing these factors by as much as 80% [3]. CCC’s are not commonly used, however, because the cost and time involved in design, manufacture, and delivery are prohibitive. The obstacles of cost, time, and inconvenience, can be overcome by applying mass-customization and rapid-prototyping principles to the process used to create CCC’s. This involves automating the basic steps of the process: creating an electronic representation of the seating surface and machining that surface using a computer-controlled (CNC) mill. Similar systems have been put in place to automate a variety of processes, from the creation of custom orthotics for footwear to the design and creation of impeller wheels [4]. Such a system would be capable of producing a suitable custom-contoured cushion in minutes or hours rather than weeks or months.
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