Epidemiology of Poultry Salmonellosis: A Review

Salmonellosis is one of the major foodborne disease of significant public health concern. Salmonellosis is considered as one of the most wide spread foodborne zoonosis in industrialized as well as developing countries. It is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and has been commonly associated with foods such as raw meat, poultry, eggs and dairy products. Poultry and poultry products derived from poultry are believed to make up fifty percent of the total vehicle of transmission of salmonella. Typhoid and non-typhoid salmonellosis remain major public health problems and are clearly the most economically important food borne disease. In many countries, the incidence of salmonellosis has markedly increased; however, paucity of good surveillance data exists. Salmonella has five different pathogenicity islands that encodes the majority of the virulence genes used for invasion and evasion of the host. The purpose of this review is to discuss the epidemiology, salmonella pathogenicity islands, invasion, molecular diagnosis, and global regional control and prevention strategies.