生物适应性景观耕作轮作中营养元素的平衡

L. Kozlova, E. N. Noskova, F. Popov, E. Svetlakova
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引用次数: 1

摘要

鉴于最近的发展,生物技术在作物栽培技术中的应用需要扩大。豆科牧草、绿肥作物和中间作物轮作比例较高,轮作的作用越来越大。本研究的目的是研究俄罗斯欧洲部分东北地区主要营养元素的土壤肥力动态,并确定其平衡,为适应性景观耕作系统的发展提供依据。2002-2009年,在哥伦比亚革命武装力量东北部的试验田进行了实验。土壤-草灰化中壤土。我们分析了四种谷休草轮作的长期平稳试验数据。研究年份的气象条件接近长期平均值,有利于作物种植。施用低剂量肥料(N45P45K45为矿物肥,11.5 ~ 22.5 t/ hm2为绿肥)可使占用绿肥休耕地的轮作土壤中流动磷含量提高11 ~ 14 mg/kg (LSD05 = 9.5)。两个三叶草田轮作绿肥时,交换态钾增加了15 mg/kg (LSD05 = 14.1)。利用绿肥休耕和占用耕地轮作,氮磷平衡达到正平衡。氮素平衡较高,采食量为+157.8 ~ +483.5 kg/ha,平衡强度为- 115 ~ 140%。磷平衡发展到+6.0 ~ +49.6 kg/ha。钾肥的正平衡仅在绿肥和中间作物轮作中出现(+69.9 ~ +175.8 kg/ha)。这些元素的平衡强度为101 ~ 118%。在最低养分摄取量下的对照轮作中,氮、磷、钾达到负平衡;强度低于100%。轮作产量在4.90 ~ 5.41万饲料单位水平。根据生产力的最优组合和营养元素的平衡,两片三叶草轮作绿肥田和一种中间作物轮作较为突出。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
BALANCE OF NUTRITION ELEMENTS IN CROP ROTATION UNDER BIOLOGIZED ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE FARMING
In the light of recent developments, the use of biological techniques in crop cultivation technologies needs to be expanded. The role of crop rotations with a high proportion of legume grasses, green manure crops and intermediate crops is increasing. The purpose of the research is to study soil fertility dynamics in terms of the main nutritional elements and determine their balance for the development of the adaptive landscape farming system in the North-Eastern region of the European part of Russia. Experiments were carried out on the experimental plots of the FARC of the North-East in 2002–2009. Soil – sod-podzolic middle loamy. We analyzed data of a long-term stationary experiment in four grain-fallow-grass field crop rotations. Meteorological conditions during the years of research were close to the average long-term values and favorable for crop cultivation. The introduction of low doses of fertilizers (N45P45K45 as mineral, 11.5–22.5 t/ha as green manure) increased the content of mobile phosphorus in the soil by 11–14 mg/kg (LSD05 = 9.5) in crop rotations with occupied and green manure fallows. An increase in exchangeable potassium by 15 mg/kg (LSD05 = 14.1) was noted in crop rotation with two clover fields for green manure. A positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus was obtained in crop rotation with occupied and green manure fallows. The nitrogen balance was with a higher intake of +157.8 – +483.5 kg/ha and balance intensity – 115–140 %. The balance of phosphorus has developed at +6.0…+49.6 kg/ha. The positive balance of potassium was only in crop rotations with the introduction of green manure fertilizers and intermediate crop (+69.9…+175.8 kg/ha). The intensity of the balance of these elements was 101–118 %. In the control crop rotation with bare fallow at a minimum intake of nutrients, the negative balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was obtained; the intensity was below 100 %. Productivity of crop rotation was at the level of 4.90–5.41 thousand fodder units. According to the optimal combination of productivity and the balance of nutritional elements, crop rotation with two clover fields for green manure and an intermediate crop stood out.
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