URBAN PLANNING AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS OF THE SUBJECT OF PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS IN THE HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENT OF ST. PETERSBURG

The paper considers previously unexplored urban planning and intangible components (aspects) of the subject of protection of cultural objects. From the general analysis of the phenomenon of object preservation through the subject of protection, the authors consistently reveal the features of this mechanism, the evolution of its methodological support and structure. The least studied components are identified. The authors analyze the international analogue of the method of preserving the features of cultural heritage objects through the identification of its most outstanding features. The method of identifying and preserving outstanding universal value enshrined in the "Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" is widely used in various countries of the world, both literally and with different interpretations. Based on the results of studies of the world and domestic experience, the article offers systematization and methods of identification and fixation of urban planning aspects. The components and structure of intangible aspects are revealed. In the methodology for determining urban planning aspects, they are divided into determining the role of an object in the historical environment ("view of the object") and determining the role of the environment in preserving the features of the object ("view from the object"). The paper considers the necessary legal changes to take into account the studied aspects in order to fully preserve the historical environment.