Battery storage technology optimisation for Ukrainian War Refugees Emergency Shelters

The paper deals with optimisation of energy storage systems technology for emergency shelters (tiny houses) for Ukrainian War refugees. Huge number of Ukrainian citizens lost their houses or had to leave their homes. These refugees increase population in the rest of Ukraine what escalates problems with accommodation and integration into native communities. Emergency living in communal properties has unpleasant influence on the communities and is acceptable just for limited period. It becomes important to build new quarters or urban areas using cheap but energy efficient technologies. This research is based on real shelter project realised between Ukrainian non-government organisation Synergy and German development agency weChange. Main task of this paper is optimisation of energy strategy in community consisting of hundreds or thousands units and called shelter city. Solution of one single tiny house with implemented RES is task deeply evaluated in several projects, but we must take into account cooperation of large amount of units to limit total influence on Ukrainian distribution and transmission networks. Ukrainian infrastructure was already in unpleasant state before war and new connections of these consumers would dramatically overload existing infrastructure. This task is yet more complicated in nowadays war conditions, where crucial parts of the networks are being repeatedly damaged. From this point of view, it is essential to design the shelter community like consumer o prosumer with perfectly balanced load and production chart. The shelters should be built in passive standard to achieve minimal acquisition and operational costs. Also very efficient but cheap energy storage system must be integrated on the level of particular shelter or entire shelter city. Influence of various battery technologies using different coupling schemes is being discussed. AC coupling, DC coupling with intermediate circuit or PV generator circuit are tuned for specific load charts to optimise the influence on distribution network.