Factores asociados con amputación de miembros inferiores de pacientes con pie diabético en una cohorte

Introduction

The development of foot ulcers in the diabetic foot (DF) can result in amputation of lower extremities and even generate a great impact in morbidity of diabetic patients. Considering the former, this study pretends to evaluate patient's characteristics during hospitalization in a regional Hospital.

Material and methods

One hundred twenty-one patients were included in this retrospective cohort study between amputated and non-amputated subjects provided from the hospital's database since January 2013 until January 2018. Demographic data, as well as related factors were analysed through a bi- and multivariate logistic regression in relation to lower limb amputation as independent variable, thus calculating odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals of 95%. Such information was analysed using STATA.

Results

Eighty-one patients required lower limb amputation. In the bivariate logistic regression, there were 3 related factors to amputation [Wagner (p < 0.05, 95% CI), leukocytosis (p < 0.05, 95% CI) and vascular occlusion reported in arterial Doppler (p < 0.05, 95% CI)], nonetheless, multivariate regression only related vascular occlusion reported in arterial Doppler as statistically significant in relation to lower limb amputation (p < 0.05, 95% CI).

Conclusion

Three factors were statistically relevant in relation to lower limb amputation in patients with DF (Wagner, leukocytosis, and vascular occlusion), showing the importance of an early diagnosis and an adequate management as a key factor in the management of this pathology.