软质冬小麦品种镰孢病菌侵染强度及籽粒鉴定

L. Murashko, T. Mukha, O. Humenyuk, Vira Kіrіlenko, N. Novytska
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在当今环境下,提高农产品产量和质量是农业生产的一项重要任务。培育群体抗病性强、适应性强的新品种,是实现粮食品质持续增产和改善的一个可靠的、有利于环境的因素。免疫选择的有效性直接取决于供体耐药基因的多样性,寻找新的耐药来源一直是而且仍然是一个紧迫的问题。本研究的目的是确定软质冬小麦品种对枯萎病病原菌的侵染程度,并对其进行鉴定。研究使用了乌克兰不同育种机构的软冬小麦品种:以尤里耶夫命名的植物工业研究所(IPI)、乌克兰国家科学院植物生理与遗传研究所(IPPG)、植物保护研究所(IPP)、灌溉农业研究所(IA)、国家农业研究所(NRC IA)。采用植物病理学分析方法确定镰刀菌病原菌的种类组成,并以侵染小麦籽粒样品占总数的比例确定菌种比例。其中,Perfect、Turunchuk、Ovid、Vodograi和Mirolyubna等品种镰刀菌感染强度较高(15-18%)。在多年的研究中,冬小麦籽粒被以下几种镰刀菌定植:孢子毛霉镰刀菌、monilifopme镰刀菌、graminearum镰刀菌、culmorum镰刀菌、avenaceum镰刀菌、gibbosum F. sambucinum镰刀菌和oxysporium镰刀菌。在小麦籽粒上占优势的是单孢粉蚧和氧孢子粉蚧,分别为16.2%和1.7%。建议选用受镰刀菌属病原菌危害最小(1.2-4.5%)的冬小麦品种进行小麦免疫育种。在实际养殖中使用稳定的源材料,将有助于在不使用化学保护剂的情况下抑制病原体感染的生长。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The level of intensity of soft winter wheat varieties infection by Fusarium link pathogens and their identification on grain
In today's environment, an important task of agricultural production is to increase yields and improve the quality of agricultural products. A reliable and environmentally beneficial factor for sustainable yield increase and improvement of grain quality is the development of new varieties with group resistance to diseases and a high level of adaptability. The effectiveness of selection for immunity directly depends on the diversity of donor resistance genes, and the search for new sources of resistance has been and remains an urgent issue. The aim of the study was to determine the level of infection of soft winter wheat varieties with Fusarium head blight pathogens and to identify them. Varieties of soft winter wheat from different breeding institutions of Ukraine were used in the research: Institute of Plant Industry named after V.Y. Yuriev NAAS (IPI), Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IPPG), Institute of Plant Protection NAAS (IPP), Institute of Irrigated Agriculture NAAS (IA), National Research Center "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" (NRC IA). Phytopathological analysis was used to determine the species composition of the Fusarium pathogen, and the proportion of species was determined by the ratio of infected wheat grain samples to their total number. A higher (15-18%) level of Fusarium infection intensity was observed in the varieties Perfect, Turunchuk, Ovid, Vodograi, and Mirolyubna. During the years of research, winter wheat grain was colonized by the following species of Fusarium ear blight: F. sporotrichiella, F. monilifopme, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. gibbosum F. sambucinum and F. oxysporium. The species F. monilifopme and F. oxysporium dominated, with a prevalence of 16.2 and 1.7% on wheat grain, respectively. The winter wheat varieties with the lowest (1.2-4.5%) damage by pathogens of the genus Fusarium are recommended for use in wheat breeding for immunity. The use of stable source material in practical breeding will help to curb the growth of pathogen infection without the use of chemical protection agents.
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