Olga Morozowa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在引起人们对18世纪至20世纪初乌克兰南部地区疫情的关注,并分析黑海和亚速海港口检疫部门在此期间的活动。本研究采用问题年代法、比较历史法、统计方法和传记法。该分析基于来自尼古拉耶夫地区档案和相关科学文献的资料。该研究揭示了受流行病影响的国家在这一时期的状况、俄罗斯帝国各港口检疫部门的活动以及国家和地方当局如何抗击感染。从档案资料中,作者讨论了军舰上的卫生水平,抗击流行病的方法,以及人们对隔离的反应,特别是在20世纪初的尼古拉耶夫地区。从18世纪到20世纪初,乌克兰南部地区的疫情是俄罗斯帝国不完善的政策造成的——医疗、社会和文化领域不发达。应当指出,在此期间,传染病经常从东部传入乌克兰。直到19世纪末,城市人口的增加、军事特遣队的调动、城市和工业废物对水的污染,以及对社会和个人卫生的认识不足,都促进了它们的传播。预防流行病的主要方法是实行检疫。这意味着对抵达港口的潜在危险船只进行全面隔离,对其进行检查,并为乘客和船员提供隔离措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Sytuacja epidemiczna i działalność portowych oddziałów kwarantanny na terenach obecnej południowej Ukrainy od XVIII do początku XX w.
The article aims to draw attention to the epidemic situation in the southern Ukrainian lands from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century and to analyze the activities of port quarantine departments of the Black and Azov Seas during this period. The research employs problem-chronological, comparative-historical, statistical and biographical methods. The analysis is based on the sources from the Regional Archives of the Mykolaiv Region and relevant scientific literature. The study reveals the condition of the epidemic-driven country in the period in question, the activities of quarantine departments at the ports of the Russian Empire, as well as how the state and local authorities fought the infections. Reading from archival sources, the author discusses the level of hygiene on military ships, the methods of fighting epidemics, and people’s reactions to quarantine, especially in the Mykolaiv region at the beginning of the 20th century. The epidemic situation in the southern Ukrainian lands from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century resulted from an imperfect policy of the Russian Empire - poorly-developed medical, social, and cultural spheres. It should be noted that during this period, infectious diseases often came to Ukrainian lands from the east. Their spread was facilitated by increased urban population, the movement of military contingents, water contamination by municipal and industrial waste, and insufficient knowledge of social and personal hygiene almost until the end of the 19th century. The main method of preventing epidemics was the introduction of quarantine. It meant full isolation of potentially dangerous ships arriving in port, inspecting them and supplying passengers and crew with quarantine measures.
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