The Invention of North-Africa

This article sketches an archaeology of the racial divide between North Africa and “Black Africa” by examining how it belongs to the emergence of modern geography during the nineteenth century. It argues that the de-Africanization of North Africa is inseparable from the racial identi􀏔ication of “Africa proper”—to quote Hegel’s word—with a dehumanizing concept of Blackness. The second part of the article tries to move beyond archaeology in order to analyze coun-ter-geographies of decolonization. It does so by focussing on the ways in which the continental Pan-Africanism of the Algerian revo-lution has deployed a practical criticism of the divide between North and Black Africa through Fanon.