Muscular Endurance and Strength as Predominant Factors on Spike among Young Volleyball Athletes

Most of physiological investigation in volleyball studies only discussed which body part is dominant when someone doing spike. There are still few studies to explore in more detail on what muscle works and roles of muscle is so crucial. This study aims to determine which part of the muscle has a more specific effect during spike movements. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method, participants in this study were female and male adolescent athletes obtained 42 participants, divided into 20 males and 22 females. Data on muscle endurance and strength were obtained by measuring the leg and back dynamometer, while the spike hit results collected from The Volleyball Test Skills for Smasher and performance were obtained using observation using a range of points 1-4, which is based on five spike phases: Initial Attitude, Initial Motion, Contact Motion, Follow through Motion, and Ball Placement. Data analysis used ANOVA test and simple regression. The results showed that the performance was significantly increased by the strength of the back muscles (p = 0.005 < 0.05) and abdominal muscles (p = 0.012 < 0.05), while the other components were supportive but not significant. Likewise, the strength of the inner leg muscles (p = 0.010 < 0.05) which has a very significant level of influence (p < 0.01) on the spike results. Strengthening back muscle and abdominal muscle endurance need to be the focus of the training program for young volleyball athletes because they are needed during spike movement and inner leg muscle strength is needed to obtain maximum spike jumps. Keywords: spike; endurance; strength; muscle; young athletes; volleyball