解决环境问题:人与环境是对立的吗?

Emilia N. Inman, Paul J. Inman
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摘要

在人类社会陷入前所未有的环境问题的时代,科学家和决策者不得不重新审视和反思人类与自然环境的关系。鉴于所有这些发展,人们提出了一些基本问题,例如,应该让大自然独自存在吗?人类与自然分离了吗?让时光倒流是不是太晚了?我们如何应对气候危机?这些问题的核心是人与环境的关系问题,人类既依赖环境,同时又危害环境。虽然人类对自然系统的依赖是公认的,但在平衡人类福祉、生态系统和环境完整性方面似乎存在不确定性。看来这三个因素不能和谐共存。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了环境和人类的公理,并提取了可以用来解决日益严重的环境问题的经验教训,这些问题已经挑战了世界。我们还提出了一个使用跨学科的、整体的方法来解决环境问题的基本原理,提出了一个自然集成的整体系统框架。我们认为,如果不考虑人的因素并将系统作为一个整体来对待,环境问题就不能成功地解决。我们的论点基于这样一个事实,即人类面临的挑战是如此相互交织,只解决一个问题而不考虑其他问题是徒劳的。我们建议我们需要将自然融入生活的方方面面。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Tackling Environmental Problems: Are People and the Environment Antithetical?
In the era where human communities have been plunged into unprecedented environmental problems, scientists and policymakers have been forced to revisit and reflect on the relationship between humanity and the natural environment. In light of all these developments, fundamental questions have been asked, such as, should nature be left alone? Are humans separate from nature? Is it too late to turn back the clock? How can we tackle the climate crisis? At the core of these questions lies the issue of the human-environment relationship, with humans being both dependent on and simultaneously harming the environment. Although the dependence of humans on natural systems is acknowledged, there seems to be uncertainty about balancing human well-being, ecosystem, and environmental integrity. It appears as though these three factors cannot co-exist harmoniously. In this contribution, we discuss the axioms of the environment and humanity and extract lessons that can be used to address the increased environmental concerns that have challenged the world. We also present a rationale for using an interdisciplinary, holistic approach to address environmental problems, proposing a Nature-integrated in Whole Systems Framework. We argue that environmental problems cannot be successfully addressed without incorporating human dimensions and treating systems as wholes. We base our argument on the fact that the challenges facing humanity are so intertwined that addressing one issue without considering the others is futile. We propose that we need to integrate nature into every aspect of life.
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