Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine, Nanotoxicity and Future Challenges

This review gives an overview of interesting properties of nanoparticles finding potential applications in nanomedicines and their considerations that need to be made such as toxicity while developing a nanomedicine by providing an understanding of a relationship between nanocarrier, targeting moieties and drugs with optical and magnetic properties. Here, we correlate the interesting properties of nanomaterials to their applications in living cells/body simultaneously promises, prospects and toxicity challenges of nanomedicines have also been discussed in detail. Exemplifying the usage of gold nanoparticles and its derivatives such as hetero and homo hybrid nanostructures that allow their use as contrast agents, therapeutic entities and supports to attach functional molecules and targeting ligand along with molecular framework structures. Here, we present the future prospects for potential applications in nanomedicines. These nanomaterials have been used for varieties of biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, photothermal cancer therapies, MRI, optical imaging, etc. in vitro and in vivo. In summary, this review provides innumerable aspects in the emerging field of nanomedicine and possible nanotoxicity.