词典定义的理论与实践

IF 0.2 Q4 LINGUISTICS

Journal of Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI:10.17791/JCS.2018.19.4.417

Igor Mel'čuk, A. Polguère

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引用次数: 8

摘要

本文提供了一个严格的表征概念的词典定义:一个最小的释义制定在同一语言的词定义和满足六个词典原则，这是制定和讨论。对词典定义中的语义成分的主要类型进行了识别和描述:首先，中心成分与外围成分、语义类标记成分、预设成分、行为规范成分、弱成分和隐喻标记成分;其次，连接和析取成分。本文还介绍了另外三个主题:定义在词汇条目中所起的作用(考虑到词首的语义、句法和词汇限制的共现);定义有问题的词汇单位;词汇内涵和语义标签。虽然词典学定义的视角是理论导向的——在解释组合词汇学(ECL)的框架内——但重点放在实际定义的编写上，并提出和分析了其中的几十个定义。

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Theory and Practice of Lexicographic Definition

The paper offers a rigorous characterization of the notion of lexicographic definition: a minimal paraphrase formulated in the same language as the word defined and satisfying six lexicographic principles, which are formulated and discussed. The major types of semantic components in a lexicographic definition are identified and described: firstly, central vs. peripheral components, semantic-class marking components, presuppositional components, actant-specification components, weak components, and metaphor-marking components; secondly, conjunctive and disjunctive components. Three additional topics are introduced: the roles that the definition plays in a lexical entry (accounting for the semantic, syntactic and lexically restricted cooccurrence of the headword); lexical units whose definition is problematic; lexical connotations and semantic labels. Though the perspective offered on lexicographic definition is theory-oriented – within the framework of Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology (ECL) –, a strong emphasis is put on the writing of actual definitions, a couple dozen of which is proposed and analyzed.

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来源期刊

Journal of Cognitive Science LINGUISTICS-

CiteScore

0.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Journal of Cognitive Science is an official journal of the International Association for Cognitive Science (IACS, http://ia-cs.org) and published quarterly by the Institute for Cognitive Science at Seoul National University, located in Seoul, Korea. The Association currently consists of member societies of different countries such as Australia, China, Japan, Korea, and European Union. However, paper submission by anyone in the whole world is welcome at any time. Its main concern is to showcase research articles of highest quality and significance within the disciplines of cognitive science, including, but not limited to, philosophy, psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, aesthetics, anthropology, and education, insofar as it is deemed to be of interest to those who pursue the study of mind. In particular, we would like to encourage submissions that cross the traditional disciplinary boundaries. The Journal of Cognitive Science (JCS) is published quarterly on 31 March, 30 June, 30 September, 31 December (founded in 2000) as the official journal of International Association for Cognitive Science (IACS) by the Institute for Cognitive Science at Seoul National University. It is a SCOPUS, ESCI, EBSCO, KCI journal. It aims to publish research articles of the highest quality and significance within the disciplines that form cognitive science, including philosophy, psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, anthropology, and education for Interdisciplinary Journal. Submissions that cross traditional disciplinary boundaries in either themes or methods are especially encouraged. AI-associated Cognitive Science will be newly reinforced and papers in this area are encouraged to be submitted.