人类和动物用水的消毒

T. Hrušková, N. Sasáková, G. Gregová, Ingrid Papajová, Z. Bujdošová
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本章讨论人类和动物用水的消毒。水是地球上最丰富的化学成分,被人类广泛使用。人为的环境压力导致水质下降。水的质量是使用最重要的参数范围(物理,化学和微生物)来确定的。本章讨论了水的主要污染物、水源的保护、引起主要水传疾病的微生物及其处理方法和水的消毒。饮用水的消毒有不同的方法。最常用的方法之一是用活性氯消毒,这是唯一能持续防止微生物再生的方法。然而,这种方法也有一些缺点(例如,形成三卤甲烷和卤乙酸前体),与癌症风险增加有关。重要的是要记住,如果水来自不合适的来源,用于消毒水的任何产品都不能确保处理过的水的完全安全。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Disinfection of Water Used for Human and Animal Consumption
This chapter deals with disinfection of water used for human and animal consumption. Water is the most abundant chemical component of the Earth and is very extensively used by mankind. Anthropogenic pressure on the environment leads to decrease in water quality. The quality of water is determined using the most important range of parameters (physical, chemical, and microbiological). This chapter discusses major pollutants of water, protection of water sources, micro-organisms causing the main waterborne diseases and methods of treatment, and disinfection of water. Different methods are used to disinfect drinking water. One of the most frequently used methods is disinfection with active chlorine, which is the only method providing continuous protection against micro- bial regrowth. However, this method has also some disadvantages (e.g., formation of trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursors) linked to increased risk of cancer. It is important to remember that none of the products used to disinfect water is capable of ensuring complete safety of treated water if the water comes from unsuitable sources.
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