Surface integrity of root ends following apical resection with targeted trephine burs

Aim: Targeted endodontic microsurgery may be performed utilizing trephine burs. The purpose of this study was to determine if guided resection using trephine burs produces cracks or fractures within the root. Methodology: Twenty maxillary anterior and twenty mandibular molar mesial roots from extracted teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated. Roots were resected with either targeted trephine burs or multipurpose burs. Resected root ends were analyzed using light microscopy with a fluorescent filter and a dental operating microscope. Teeth were graded based on the presence, extent, and location of cracks. Results: One (10%) anterior trephine-resected root demonstrated cracks, while three (30%) anterior multipurpose bur-resected roots had cracks. These findings were not statistically different (P=0.264, Chi-square=1.25). No molar teeth had detectable cracks. There was no significant difference between the groups with regards to crack formation. Conclusions: Analysis of the samples supports the use of trephine burs in targeted endodontic microsurgery.