Empirical Deposition Correlations.

Traditionally, empirical correlations for predicting respiratory tract deposition of inhaled aerosols have been developed using limited available in vivo data. More recently, advances in medical image segmentation and additive manufacturing processes have allowed researchers to conduct extensive in vitro deposition experiments in realistic replicas of the upper and central branching airways. This work has led to a collection of empirical equations for predicting regional aerosol deposition, especially in the upper, nasal and oral airways. The present section reviews empirical correlations based on both in vivo and in vitro data, which may be used to predict total and regional deposition. Equations are presented for predicting total respiratory deposition fraction, mouth-throat fraction, nasal, and nose-throat fractions for a large variety of aerosol sizes, subject age groups, and breathing maneuvers. Use of these correlations to estimate total lung deposition is also described.