下霹雳州鼠害发生率及缓解措施

The Planter Pub Date : 2020-11-25 DOI:10.56333/tp.2020.017
G. F. Chung, Syee Wha Poh
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摘要

最近,我们在访问下霹雳州的一个油棕庄园时,遇到了两起严重的鼠害事件。幼龄6年的油棕果束和花序被鼠害严重。鼠种鉴定为tiomanicus(笼捕法)和Rattus argentiventer(挖洞法)。此外,一名庄园工作人员在夜间检查时拍摄了老鼠咀嚼花序的图像。本文从鼠种、鼠害与作物损失、饵料避避、毒饵、多种饵料应用、大规模诱捕、犬助猎、工蜂猎、仓鸮数量增加等多个方面,讨论了确定幼龄作物鼠害的原因,降低损害风险和作物损失的缓解措施。在相邻庄园种植的未成熟棕榈树(1 - 2岁)上发现了严重的老鼠损害。从远处看,幼龄植物的鼠患问题难以评价。需要快速控制以在棕榈树进一步损失之前结束鼠患。然而,在几个标题下讨论了减轻措施,即老鼠种类,老鼠损害和作物损失,毒饵,诱饵避避,大规模诱捕,威慑剂混合和率诱饵政策。总之,老鼠是成熟和未成熟油棕种植园的重要害虫,由于劳动力严重短缺,需要采取多管齐下的综合老鼠管理方法,以及/或需要容忍一定程度的老鼠损害,老鼠管理正变得更具挑战性。为了迎接这些即将到来的挑战,必须重视对屋苑人员的培训,并辅以正在进行的研发工作的新发现。关键词:大鼠;油棕;危害;
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rat Damage Incidences in Lower Perak and Mitigation Measures
Two incidences of severe rat damage were encountered in a visit to an oil palm estate in Lower Perak recently. Severe rat damage on oil palm fruit bunches and inflorescences was seen in a young mature 6-year-old planting. Rat species identified were Rattus tiomanicus (via cage trapping) and Rattus argentiventer (via digging the burrow). Furthermore, images of rat chewing inflorescence were taken by an estate personnel during night inspection. Mitigation measures to identify the cause of rat infestation in young mature planting and to reduce risk of damage and crop losses covering various aspects in several headings, namely rat species, rat damage and crop losses, bait shyness, poison baiting, multiple baits application, mass trapping, dog-assisted hunting, worker hunting, and augmentation of barn owl population are discussed. Severe rat damage on immature palms (1 - 2 years old) was seen in a planting of an adjacent estate. It is not possible to comment on the rat infestation in immature planting which was viewed from far. Fast control is required to end the rat infestation before further loss of palms. However, mitigation measures are discussed under several headings, namely rat species, rat damage and crop losses, poison baiting, bait shyness, mass trapping, deterrent mixture and rate baiting policy. In conclusion, rats are important pest in mature and immature oil palm plantings and rat management is becoming more challenging due to acute labour shortage and the need for multi-pronged approach in integrated rat management and /or the need to tolerate certain levels of rat damage. To meet these approaching challenges, the training of estate personnel must be emphasised and supported by new findings from on-going R&D works. Keywords: Rats, oil palm, damage, mitigation.
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