Fatal agranulocytosis associated with Metamizole treatment in a 16-year-old girl

The term agranulocytosis indicates a total absence of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. In practice, it’s used when this number is less to 0,5 g/l [1]. This is one of the most reasons of consultation in hematology with a variety of etiologies. Among the causes, the drug-induced agranulocytosis is common. Novalgin, known as metamizole, has been on sale since 1922 [2]. Its use has been banned in the United States since 1977 by the Food and Drug Administration and then in several European countries because of its potential danger capable to induce fatal agranulocytosis [3,4]. However, it’s still used in many countries of Africa, Asia and Europe by many medical specialties because of its analgesic and antipyretic action. We report in this study, a case of severe agranulocytosis revealed by septicemia with pulmonary and digestive focus, fatal in a girl of 16 year old. Through this case report, we want to promote the vigilance of medical practitioners about this known deadly drug. Case Report