烷基吡啶和其他有机氮化合物

D. G. L. J. K. Ms
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本章涵盖了结构中含有一个或多个氮原子的其他脂肪族和芳香族化合物,并延续了第59章所讨论的内容。吡啶和它的许多修饰结构被描述,因为它们是许多工业化合物的主干。包括几种杀虫剂和除草剂及其前体:吡啶乙硫酮;取代的尿嘧啶类除草剂——溴丙酸、lenacil和terbacil;第四季除草剂——百草枯、双菊枯和异氰菊枯;s-三嗪-阿特拉津和丙嗪;以及其他三嗪类除草剂,如阿梅特林、丙咪嗪和辛马嗪。简单的氮化合物,如叠氮化物,亚硝胺和肼被描述,因为它们可以产生重要的毒理学作用。最后,包括两种重要的工业溶剂,二甲基乙酰胺和二甲基甲酰胺,因为它们具有悠久的使用历史,并在职业环境中得到了很好的研究。除了吡啶系列化学物质和亚硝基化合物外,这里回顾的大多数化学物质都包含了上一章回顾以来的重要新信息。关键词:Alkylpyridines;水生动物毒性;二甲基乙酰胺;二甲基甲酰胺;遗传毒性;除草剂;肼;工业溶剂;亚硝胺;农药
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Alkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen Compounds
This chapter covers additional aliphatic and aromatic compounds that contain one or more nitrogen atoms in their structures and follows those discussed in Chapter 59. Pyridine and its many modified structures are described because they serve as a backbone for many industrial compounds. Several pesticides and herbicides, as well as their precursors, are included: the pyridinethiones; the substituted uracil herbicides—bromacil, lenacil, and terbacil; the quaternary herbicides–paraquat, diquat, and difenzoquat; the s-triazines—atrazine and propazine; and other triazine herbicides, such as ametryn, prometryne, and simazine. Simple nitrogen compounds such as azides, nitrosamines, and hydrazines are described because of important toxicological effects they can produce. Finally, two important industrial solvents, dimethylacetamide and dimethylformamide, are included because they have a long history of use and have been well studied in the occupational environment. Other than the pyridine series of chemicals and the nitroso compounds, most of the chemicals reviewed here include significant new information since the last chapter review. Keywords: Alkylpyridines; aquatic toxicity; dimethylacetamide; dimethylformamide; genetic toxicity; herbicides; hydrazines; industrial solvents; nitrosamines; pesticides
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