COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND

influences on the organs and systems of the body, as well as on the functioning and processes of adaptation of the body to environmental factors. Conducting experimental research on the reconstruction of the thyroid gland in various pathological conditions requires a deeper study of the features of the structural organization of the specified organ in experimental animals. The use of anatomical, morphometric and histological research methods made it possible to find out the peculiarity of its macrostructure in white rats, in particular, the absence of a pyramidal lobe, the presence of an inconspicuous glandular isthmus, the mass of the thyroid gland of a white rat, which was 0.035±0.05 mg, the dimensions of the gland, in particular its length was 6.55±0.05 mm, width – 3.75±0.02 mm, thickness – 2.65±0.002 mm, tight fit of the thyroid gland capsule to its parenchyma, the difference in the thickness of the interlobular septa of the gland in its central and peripheral parts glands (thinner on the periphery), changes in the shape of gland cells depending on their functional state, placement of C cells singly between the basal membrane and the basal pole of thyrocytes (parafollicular arrange - ment) and the surrounding of these cells with a dense network of capillaries, which, in turn, is also a related feature of the location of human C cells, various levels of metabolic processes in the cellular elements of the thyroid gland of laboratory rats. The obtained data will make it possible to create a base based on which it is possible to establish reactive changes in the thyroid gland and further use the data in modelling the effects of various factors for the pre - vention and treatment of human thyroid pathology.