拿破仑一世,一个皮肤白皙,眼睛清澈,头发红的科西嘉人:这些表型特征的DNA证据

G. Lucotte, Jacques Macé, T. Thomasset
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:我们报告了我们获得的关于拿破仑一世(1769-1821)面部、眼睛和头发颜色的DNA结果。方法:先前从她的一根鉴定的发绺(可追溯到1811年)中提取了他的基因组DNA。测试的DNA多态性是皮肤颜色的MATP基因和眼睛颜色的HERC2的86内含子中的rs 12913822;对于头发颜色,研究人员研究了MC1-R基因的整个DNA序列,以寻找与红头发有关的等位基因。结果:matp基因F374L多态性为纯合子;因此,拿破仑脸色苍白。rs12913822多态性也为纯合CC;结果显示,他有99%的可能性拥有清澈的(蓝色或绿色)眼睛。MC1-R基因全序列检测显示,拿破仑基因组DNA为rs1805009多态性的杂合CG,对应于导致红发的基因三种常见突变中最常见的D294H突变。结论:根据基因型研究的结果,拿破仑的表型是:面部皮肤苍白,眼睛呈蓝色或灰色,头发呈红色。这些独特的特征可以在1803年的拿破仑照片上观察到,并且也被拿破仑同时代的一些人所报道。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Napoleon the First, a Corsican with Pale Skin, Clear Eyes and Red Hair: DNA Evidence for these Phenotypic Traits
Objective: We report the results we obtained on DNA concerning the colours of the face, of the eyes and of the hairs of Napoleon the First (1769-1821). Methods: His genomic DNA was previously extracted from one of her authenticated hair lock (dating from 1811). The DNA polymorphisms tested were those of the MATP gene for the skin colour, and of the rs 12913822 in intron 86 of the HERC2 for the eye colour ; for hair colour, the entire DNA sequence of the MC1-R gene was studied, in the search of alleles responsible of the red hair. Results: The genomic DNA is homozygous FF for the F374L polymorphism of the MATPgene ; consequently, Napoleon had a pale face. It is also homozygous CC for the rs12913822 polymorphism ; it results that he had a 99% probability of having clear (blue or green) eyes. The examination of the complete DNA sequence of the MC1-R gene shows the Napoleon genomic DNA is heterozygous CG for the rs1805009 polymorphism , that corresponding to the D294H mutation which is the most frequent of the three common mutations of the gene causing red hairs. Conclusions: According to results obtained on genotypic studies, Napoleon was of the phenotype : pale skin of the face, blue or grey colours of the eyes, and with red hairs. These distinctive features can be observed on a picture of Napoleon dating from 1803, and was also reported by several of the Napoleon’s contemporaries.
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