评估孟加拉国和印度水产养殖产品价值链创新对减贫的潜力

S. Bunting, J. Bostock, W. Leschen, D. Little
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引用次数: 1

摘要

有证据表明,水产养殖价值链上的创新可以通过创造收入和增加营养丰富的水产食品消费来促进减贫。创新的定义和背景与水产养殖发展有关。介绍了跨价值链水产养殖创新的机会,以促进减贫和可持续生产。本文回顾了孟加拉国和印度水产养殖发展的当前趋势,重点是2011-2020年,因为了解这一时期水产食品系统的转型变化可以使数百万贫困和边缘消费者受益。在私营部门企业家针对国内市场的鼓动下,以市场为主导的商业生产支撑了主要地理位置淡水鱼养殖的激增。相比之下,虾类生产的繁荣与出口机会有关,并描述了相关的繁荣与萧条周期,萧条归因于市场价格下跌和疾病爆发。创新可以保障较贫穷群体(特别是幼儿、孕妇和哺乳期妇女)获得负担得起的鱼类供应,并能够更好地管理水生动物的健康,包括协调监测和疾病控制措施。为有效促进更好的管理做法和向大量中小型生产者提供综合服务而进行的创新可有助于减少贫困。对确保水产养殖可持续发展的未来创新机会进行了严格审查。增加副产品价值和利用废物资源的创新战略可以避免对环境的负面影响、回收养分和创造创收机会。需要一种新的发展援助模式,确定并支持跨司法管辖区、产品价值链、体制机制和粮食系统的有前景的创新轨迹。政府机构必须响应整个水产食品系统企业的需求,并制定政策和监管制度,支持水产养殖部门的变革性和可持续增长。必须将能力建设、教育、研究和培训方面的投资以及促进有利体制环境的行动视为基本要素,以最大限度地公平分享所产生的利益,并避免不适当的创新可能产生的消极影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluating the potential of innovations across aquaculture product value chains for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh and India
Evidence is presented that innovation across aquaculture value chains can contribute to poverty reduction through income generation and increased consumption of nutritious aquatic foods. Innovation is defined and contextualized in relation to aquaculture development. Opportunities for aquaculture innovation across value chains for poverty reduction and sustainable production are described. Contemporary trends in aquaculture development in Bangladesh and India, with a focus on 2011-2020, are reviewed, as understanding transformative change to aquatic food systems during this period could benefit millions of poor and marginal consumers. Market-led commercial production, instigated by private sector entrepreneurs for domestic markets, has underpinned the surge in freshwater fish culture in key geographical locations. In contrast booms in shrimp production have been associated with export opportunities and related cycles of boom-and-bust have been described, with busts attributed to falling market prices and disease outbreaks. Innovation could safeguard supplies of affordable fish to poorer groups (especially young children and pregnant and breastfeeding women) and enable better health management of aquatic animals including coordination of surveillance and disease control measures. Innovation to effectively promote better management practices and integrated services provision to large numbers of small- and medium-scale producers could contribute to poverty reduction. Opportunities for future innovation to ensure that aquaculture development is sustainable are critically reviewed. Innovative strategies to add value to by-products and utilize waste resources could avoid negative environmental impacts, recycle nutrients and create income generating opportunities. A new paradigm for development assistance that identifies and supports promising innovation trajectories across jurisdictions, product value chains, institutional regimes and food systems is needed. Government agencies must be responsive to the needs of businesses throughout aquatic food systems and devise policies and regulatory regimes that support transformative and sustained growth of the aquaculture sector. Investment in capacity-building, education, research and training and action to promote an enabling institutional environment must be regarded as essential elements to maximize and share equitably the benefits arising and avoid potential negative impacts of inappropriate innovations.
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