乌克兰锅炉房生物质灰利用的问题

V. Kramar
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摘要

根据这项研究,估计2019年乌克兰每年要利用的生物质灰形成量为13.2万吨,未来,根据生物能源发展的目标,到2050年,它可能会增加近10倍。在乌克兰,处理生物质灰烬的主要方法是将其埋在垃圾填埋场,部分用作绝缘材料,部分用作肥料,主要用于宅基地。在乌克兰,生物质灰的广泛使用受到以下因素的限制:缺乏对其利用的法律要求,建筑业对其使用缺乏技术要求,农药和农用化学品的国家登记程序复杂,使生物质灰与矿物肥料处于不平等的竞争状态。此外,使用生物质灰作为肥料的一个障碍是它的物理和化学特性,这需要特殊的应用方法。为了提高灰分的有效利用率,需要对其作为肥料的有效性进行实地研究,为不同类型的土壤和作物开发基于生物质灰分的不同类型的肥料,以及已证明有效的使用方法,开发最有效的灰分利用方法,这些方法不符合其在农业和其他工业中的使用要求。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PROBLEMS OF BIOMASS ASH UTILIZATION FROM BOILER HOUSES IN UKRAINE
As  result of the study, it was estimated that in 2019 in Ukraine  the annual biomass ash formation to be utilized, amounted to 132 thousand tons, and in the future, subject to the goals of bioenergy development, it may increase almost 10 times until 2050. The main way to treat biomass ash in Ukraine is to bury it in landfills, partly use in landfills as an insulating material, and partly as fertilizer, mainly in homesteads. In Ukraine, the widespread use of biomass ash is limited by the lack of legal requirements for its utilization, absence of technical requirements for its use in the construction industry, complex procedure of state registration of pesticides and agrochemicals, which puts biomass ash in unequal competitition with the mineral fertilizers. Also, a certain barrier to the use of biomass ash as a fertilizer is its physical and chemical characteristics, which require special methods of its application. The increase in useful utilization of ash requires field research of its effectiveness as a fertilizer, development of different types of fertilizers based on biomass ash for different types of soils and crops and methods of their use with proven efficiency, development of the most efficient utilization methods of the ash, which does not meet the requirements of its use in agriculture, in other industries.
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